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  2. Open collector - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_collector

    The output is usually connected to an external pull-up resistor, which pulls the output voltage to the resistor's supply voltage when the transistor is off. For PNP open collector outputs, the emitter of the PNP transistor is internally connected to the positive voltage rail, so the collector outputs a high voltage when the transistor is on or ...

  3. 2N3906 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2N3906

    The 2N3906 is a commonly used PNP bipolar junction transistor intended for general purpose low-power amplifying or switching applications. [1] [2] It is designed for low electric current and power and medium voltage, and can operate at moderately high speeds. It is complementary to the 2N3904 NPN transistor. [3]

  4. 2N7000 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2N7000

    A typical use of these transistors is as a switch for moderate voltages and currents, including as drivers for small lamps, motors, and relays. [1] In switching circuits, these FETs can be used much like bipolar junction transistors, but have some advantages: high input impedance of the insulated gate means almost no gate current is required

  5. TL431 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TL431

    Efficiency is mediocre because single npn-type transistors or Darlington pairs require fairly a high collector-emitter voltage drop. [28] A single common-emitter pnp-type transistor can operate correctly in saturation mode, with only ≈0.25 V voltage drop, but also with impractically high base currents. [29]

  6. 2N3904 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2N3904

    The 2N3904 is a common NPN bipolar junction transistor used for general-purpose low-power amplifying or switching applications. [1] [2] [3] It is designed for low current and power, medium voltage, and can operate at moderately high speeds. It is complementary to the 2N3906 PNP transistor. Both types were registered by Motorola Semiconductor in ...

  7. Common collector - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_collector

    Figure 3: PNP version of the emitter-follower circuit, all polarities are reversed. A small voltage change on the input terminal will be replicated at the output (depending slightly on the transistor's gain and the value of the load resistance; see gain formula below). This circuit is useful because it has a large input impedance

  8. Diode–transistor logic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode–transistor_logic

    Diode–transistor logic (DTL) is a class of digital circuits that is the direct ancestor of transistortransistor logic. It is called so because the logic gating functions AND and OR are performed by diode logic , while logical inversion (NOT) and amplification (providing signal restoration) is performed by a transistor (in contrast with ...

  9. 2N2222 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2N2222

    The 2N3904 is an NPN transistor that can only switch one-third the current of the 2N2222 but has otherwise similar characteristics. The 2N3904 exhibits its forward gain (beta) peak at a lower current than the 2N2222, and is useful in amplifier applications with reduced I c , e.g., (gain peak at 10 mA for the 2N3904 but 150 mA for the 2N2222).