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The sucking disc begins to show when the young fish are about 1 cm (0.4 in) long. When the remora reaches about 3 cm (1.2 in), the disc is fully formed and the remora can then attach to other animals. The remora's lower jaw projects beyond the upper, and the animal lacks a swim bladder. [9] Some remoras associate with specific host species.
One of the whalesucker's most outstanding traits, shared among the Echeinedae family, is an adhesive disk. The adhesive disk is a round, oval, sucking disk located on the top of a remora's head, with two layers of lamellae that allow for the remora to stick and unstick to the epidermal surfaces of larger fish, mainly cetaceans.
The marlin sucker or spear-fish remora (Remora osteochir) is a species of remora found all over the world in tropical and temperate seas. It can reach up to 40 cm (16 in) in standard length . It normally lives attached to a larger fish; its host preference is for marlins (as the name implies) and sailfishes , but it will attach to other large fish.
The common remora (Remora remora) is a pelagic marine fish [3] belonging to the family Echeneidae. The dorsal fin, which has 22 to 26 soft rays, acts as a suction cup , creating a vacuum [ 4 ] to allow the fish to attach to larger marine animals, such as whales, dolphins, sharks, and sea turtles.
The scrubber is usually between the breathing hose and the counterlung bag, and gas flow is bi-directional. All of the flow passages between the user and the active absorbent in the scrubber are dead space – volume containing gas which is rebreathed without modification by the rebreather. The dead space increases as the absorbent is depleted.
Unlike some other remora species, parasitic copepods comprise a negligible part of the diet of the white suckerfish, suggesting it may not have a mutualistic relationship with its host. [6] The white suckerfish responds to a touch on its belly by forcefully erecting its pelvic fins, possibly an adaptation to avoid crushing by its host. [5]
Image Scientific name Common name Distribution Remora albescens (Temminck & Schlegel, 1850): white suckerfish: western Indian Ocean including Réunion and Mauritius, in the eastern Pacific Ocean from San Francisco to Chile (but is rare north of Baja California), and in the western and eastern central Atlantic Ocean from Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to Brazil and St. Paul's Rocks.
In deeper diving, the scrubber needs to be bigger than is needed for a shallow-water or industrial oxygen rebreather, to provide longer dwell time, because of this effect. At low temperatures the scrubber reaction will be slower, and may not remove enough carbon dioxide if the dwell time is too short.