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2. Nautical chart - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nautical_chart

   On nautical charts, the top of the chart is always true north, rather than magnetic north, towards which a compass points. Most charts include a compass rose depicting the variation between magnetic and true north. However, the use of the Mercator projection has drawbacks. This projection shows the lines of longitude as parallel.

3. File:Modern nautical compass rose.svg - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Modern_nautical...

   A modern nautical compass rose. The outer circle (true rose) is aligned with true north; the inner circle (magnetic rose) with magnetic north. Inside the magnetic rose there is also an older 32-point graduation. Date: 15 August 2007: Source: Redrawn in Inkscape; based on a public domain file created by NOAA. Author: Mysid

4. Rhumbline network - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhumbline_network

   To calculate on a portolan chart the course to follow from a point of origin to a point of destination, one should transfer — using a parallel rule — the "line of course" drawn from the point of origin to the point of destination, on top of the windrose line on the compass rose closest to the ship's position, obtaining on it the theoretical course to be followed when sailing towards the ...

5. Compass - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compass

   A modern military compass, with included sight device for aligning. A compass is a device that shows the cardinal directions used for navigation and geographic orientation. It commonly consists of a magnetized needle or other element, such as a compass card or compass rose, which can pivot to align itself with magnetic north.

6. History of the compass - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_compass

   The dry mariner's compass consists of three elements: A freely pivoting needle on a pin enclosed in a little box with a glass cover and a wind rose, whereby "the wind rose or compass card is attached to a magnetized needle in such a manner that when placed on a pivot in a box fastened in line with the keel of the ship the card would turn as the ...

7. Nautical star - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nautical_star

   The nautical star indicates geographic north in compass roses on nautical charts. Modern nautical charts use the star to indicate true north on the outer of the two compass circles of a compass rose, symbolizing the North Star. [1] [2] The United States Coast and Geodetic Survey started using this symbol in its double-circle compass roses ...