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Fluorosis presents as irregular, diffuse enamel opacities which affect more than one tooth, in contrast to the well-demarcated borders of hypomineralised enamel seen in MIH. Amelogenesis imperfecta, a genetic condition; thus, there may be a history of similar defects in other family members. This condition affects both the primary and permanent ...
Teeth displaying enamel hypoplasia lines, linear defects of enamel that form during crowns development as a result of periods of nutritional stress or disease during infancy and childhood Enamel hypoplasia is a risk factor for dental caries in children including early childhood caries (ECC), which continues to be a burden for many children.
The clinical manifestation of mild dental fluorosis is mostly characterised a snow flaking appearance that lack a clear border, opaque, white spots, narrow white lines following the perikymata or patches as the opacities may coalesce with an intact, hard and smooth enamel surface on most of the teeth. [7]
It may develop rapidly from a periapical granuloma, as a consequence of untreated chronic periapical periodontitis. [1] Periapical is defined as "the tissues surrounding the apex of the root of a tooth" and a cyst is "a pathological cavity lined by epithelium, having fluid or gaseous content that is not created by the accumulation of pus." [2]
Teeth that are affected are primary mandibular molars followed by secondary premolars in the mandible and maxilla, however any teeth may be affected. [6] While no one race is primarily affected, those with conditions that affect bone hormone levels such as Paget's disease and acromegaly are more likely to develop hypercementosis.
Using the periodontal six/four point chart, if more than 30% of sites are involved then a diagnosis of generalised disease is given. If less than 30% of sites are involved, then the type of periodontitis is localized. To complete the diagnosis, the extent of the disease must be assessed.
Enamel hypoplasia can take a variety of forms, but all types are associated with a reduction of enamel formation due to disruption in ameloblast production. [1] One of the most common types, pitting enamel hypoplasia (PEH), ranges from small circular pinpricks to larger irregular depressions. [2]
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