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Necromancy (/ ˈ n ɛ k r ə m æ n s i /) [1] [2] is the practice of magic involving communication with the dead by summoning their spirits as apparitions or visions for the purpose of divination; imparting the means to foretell future events and discover hidden knowledge.
The Ainulindalë explains how the supreme being Eru began the creation with good, [T 3] immortal, angelic spirits, the Ainur. These were the lesser Maiar including Sauron, and the greater Valar. [T 4] [T 5] Sauron perceived Eru directly. [T 6] He was "far higher" than the Maiar who later came to Middle-earth as Wizards.
The exact difference between the three forbidden forms of necromancy mentioned in Deuteronomy 18:11 is a matter of uncertainty; yidde'oni ("wizard") is always used together with ob ("consulter with familiar spirits"), [7] and its semantic similarity to doresh el ha-metim ("necromancer", or "one who directs inquiries to the dead") raises the ...
Articles relating to necromancy, the practice of magic or black magic involving communication with the dead – either by summoning their spirits as apparitions, visions or raising them bodily – for the purpose of divination.
The Latin word evocatio was the "calling forth" or "summoning away" of a city's tutelary deity.The ritual was conducted in a military setting either as a threat during a siege or as a result of surrender, and aimed at diverting the god's favor from the opposing city to the Roman side, customarily with a promise of a better-endowed cult or a more lavish temple. [4]
He acknowledges, though, that this broader definition (of "high" and "low") suffers from prejudices because good-intentioned folk magic may be considered "low" while ceremonial magic involving expensive or exclusive components may be considered by some as "high magic", regardless of intent. [8]
Daemonologie—in full Dæmonologie, In Forme of a Dialogue, Divided into three Books: By the High and Mightie Prince, James &c.—was first published in 1597 [1] by King James VI of Scotland (later also James I of England) as a philosophical dissertation on contemporary necromancy and the historical relationships between the various methods of divination used from ancient black magic.
A rise in the practice of necromancy in the 12th century, spurred on by an influx of texts on magic and diabolism from the Islamic world, had alerted clerical authorities to the potential dangers of malefic magic. [56] Sorcery came to be associated with heresy and apostasy and to be viewed as evil. This elevated concern was slowly expanded to ...