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Hydroelectric power stations continued to become larger throughout the 20th century. Hydropower was referred to as "white coal". [19] Hoover Dam's initial 1,345 MW power station was the world's largest hydroelectric power station in 1936; it was eclipsed by the 6,809 MW Grand Coulee Dam in 1942. [20]
Hydropower is now used principally for hydroelectric power generation, and is also applied as one half of an energy storage system known as pumped-storage hydroelectricity. Hydropower is an attractive alternative to fossil fuels as it does not directly produce carbon dioxide or other atmospheric pollutants and it provides a relatively ...
A magnetohydrodynamic generator (MHD generator) is a magnetohydrodynamic converter that transforms thermal energy and kinetic energy directly into electricity.An MHD generator, like a conventional generator, relies on moving a conductor through a magnetic field to generate electric current.
Low-head hydro power refers to the development of hydroelectric power where the head is typically less than 20 metres, although precise definitions vary. [1] Head is the vertical height measured between the hydro intake water level and the water level at the point of discharge.
A screw turbine at a small hydro power plant in Goryn, Poland. The Archimedean screw is an ancient invention, attributed to Archimedes of Syracuse (287–212 BC.), and commonly used to raise water from a watercourse for irrigation purposes. In 1819 the French engineer Claude Louis Marie Henri Navier (1785–1836) suggested using the Archimedean ...
Energy converter is an example of an energy transformation. For example, a light bulb falls into the categories energy converter. η = P o u t P i n {\displaystyle \eta ={\frac {P_{\mathrm {out} }}{P_{\mathrm {in} }}}} Even though the definition includes the notion of usefulness, efficiency is considered a technical or physical term.
Micro hydro is a type of hydroelectric power that typically produces from 5 kW to 100 kW of electricity using the natural flow of water. Installations below 5 kW are called pico hydro . [ 1 ] These installations can provide power to an isolated home or small community, or are sometimes connected to electric power networks, particularly where ...
Kaplan turbine and electrical generator cut-away view. The runner of the small water turbine. A water turbine is a rotary machine that converts kinetic energy and potential energy of water into mechanical work. Water turbines were developed in the 19th century and were widely used for industrial power prior to electrical grids. Now, they are ...