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A directory is a logical section of a file system used to hold files. Directories may also contain other directories. The cd command can be used to change into a subdirectory, move back into the parent directory, move all the way back to the root directory or move to any given directory.
Name Description arch: Prints machine hardware name (same as uname -m) basename: Removes the path prefix from a given pathname chroot: Changes the root directory date: Prints or sets the system date and time dirname: Strips non-directory suffix from file name du: Shows disk usage on file systems echo: Displays a specified line of text env
Unix abstracts the nature of this tree hierarchy entirely and in Unix and Unix-like systems the root directory is denoted by the / (slash) sign. Though the root directory is conventionally referred to as /, the directory entry itself has no name – its path is the "empty" part before the initial directory separator character (/).
This path points to a file with the name File.txt, located in the directory Temp, which in turn is located in the root directory of the drive A:. C:..\File.txt This path refers to a file called File.txt located in the parent directory of the current directory on drive C: .
In CP/M, DOS, Windows, and OS/2, the root directory is "drive:\", for example on modern systems, the root directory is usually "C:\". The directory separator is usually a "\", but many operating systems also internally recognize a "/". Physical and virtual drives are named by a drive letter, as opposed to being combined as one. [1]
In Linux, corresponds to a procfs mount. Generally, automatically generated and populated by the system, on the fly. /root: Home directory for the root user. /run: Run-time variable data: Information about the running system since last boot, e.g., currently logged-in users and running daemons.
chroot is an operation on Unix and Unix-like operating systems that changes the apparent root directory for the current running process and its children.A program that is run in such a modified environment cannot name (and therefore normally cannot access) files outside the designated directory tree.
It is sometimes called the current working directory (CWD), e.g. the BSD getcwd [1] function, or just current directory. [2] When a process refers to a file using a simple file name or relative path (as opposed to a file designated by a full path from a root directory ), the reference is interpreted relative to the working directory of the process.