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  2. Excretory system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excretory_system

    In the human adult, the ureters are usually 25–30 cm (10–12 in) long. In humans, the ureters arise from the renal pelvis on the medial aspect of each kidney before descending towards the bladder on the front of the psoas major muscle. The ureters cross the pelvic brim near the bifurcation of the iliac arteries (which they run over).

  3. Excretion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excretion

    Excretion is elimination of metabolic waste, which is an essential process in all organisms. In vertebrates , this is primarily carried out by the lungs , kidneys , and skin . [ 1 ] This is in contrast with secretion , where the substance may have specific tasks after leaving the cell .

  4. Urinary system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_system

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 13 November 2024. This article is about the human urinary system. For urinary systems of other vertebrates, see Urinary systems of birds, urinary systems of reptiles, and urinary systems of amphibians. Anatomical system consisting of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and the urethra Urinary system 1 ...

  5. Renal physiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_physiology

    Urinary excretion rate = Filtration rate – Reabsorption rate + Secretion rate [1] Although the strictest sense of the word excretion with respect to the urinary system is urination itself, renal clearance is also conventionally called excretion (for example, in the set term fractional excretion of sodium).

  6. Mammalian kidney - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammalian_kidney

    The excretion of H + together with urine also occurs through buffer systems, in particular, NH 4 + . [152] Only a small amount of NH 4 + is filtered through the glomerulus; [ 152 ] most of the ammonium excreted is the result of H + ion oxidation of NH 3 ( ammonia ) formed in the cells of the proximal convoluted tubule , which is secreted into ...

  7. Nephron - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephron

    The nephron uses four mechanisms to convert blood into urine: filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and excretion. [5]: 395–396 These apply to numerous substances. The structure and function of the epithelial cells lining the lumen change during the course of the nephron, and have segments named by their location and which reflects their ...

  8. Nephridium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephridium

    Earthworm nephrostome (10) and metanephridium (9). Earthworm metanephridium. A metanephridium (meta = "after") is a type of excretory gland found in many types of invertebrates such as annelids, arthropods and mollusca. (In mollusca, it is known as the Bojanus organ.)

  9. Collecting duct system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collecting_duct_system

    The collecting duct system of the kidney consists of a series of tubules and ducts that physically connect nephrons to a minor calyx or directly to the renal pelvis.The collecting duct participates in electrolyte and fluid balance through reabsorption and excretion, processes regulated by the hormones aldosterone and vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone).