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  2. Euler tour technique - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler_tour_technique

    Euler tour of a tree, with edges labeled to show the order in which they are traversed by the tour. The Euler tour technique (ETT), named after Leonhard Euler, is a method in graph theory for representing trees. The tree is viewed as a directed graph that contains two directed edges for each edge in the tree. The tree can then be represented as ...

  3. Eulerian path - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eulerian_path

    An Eulerian trail, [note 1] or Euler walk, in an undirected graph is a walk that uses each edge exactly once. If such a walk exists, the graph is called traversable or semi-eulerian. [3] An Eulerian cycle, [note 1] also called an Eulerian circuit or Euler tour, in an undirected graph is a cycle that uses each edge exactly once

  4. Tree contraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_contraction

    With the Euler tour technique, a tree could be represented in a flat style, and thus prefix sum could be applied to an arbitrary tree in this format. In fact, prefix sum can be used on any set of values and binary operation which form a group: the binary operation must be associative, every value must have an inverse, and there exists an ...

  5. Link/cut tree - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link/cut_tree

    A link/cut tree is a data structure for representing a forest, a set of rooted trees, and offers the following operations: Add a tree consisting of a single node to the forest. Given a node in one of the trees, disconnect it (and its subtree) from the tree of which it is part. Attach a node to another node as its child.

  6. Level ancestor problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level_ancestor_problem

    The simplest way to find a level ancestor of a node is to climb up the tree towards the root of the tree. On the path to the root of the tree, every ancestor of a node can be visited and therefore reported. In this case, the tree does not need to be preprocessed and the time to answer a query is O(h), where "h" is the height of the tree. This ...

  7. 2013 LIONS SOCIAL SCRUM 108%won on Twitter with a 117%had a ...

    images.huffingtonpost.com/2013-09-10-British...

    117%had a good Tour and saw a Twitter increase. 2013 LIONS SOCIAL SCRUM No yellow cards for these fan-favourites. See how some of the most notable faces from the 2013 British & Irish Lions Tour to Australia have increased their social presence. 130% Twitter Followers Increase Joe Root, after scoring an impressive 180 runs and taking two wickets ...

  8. List ranking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_ranking

    List ranking can equivalently be viewed as performing a prefix sum operation on the given list, in which the values to be summed are all equal to one. The list ranking problem can be used to solve many problems on trees via an Euler tour technique, in which one forms a linked list that includes two copies of each edge of the tree, one in each direction, places the nodes of this list into an ...

  9. Gift cards that make good last-minute gifts, done and dusted

    www.aol.com/lifestyle/gift-cards-that-make-good...

    Gift her a Soothe gift card so she can book an on-demand massage, facial, hair appointment, nail appointment or other beauty service — right to her door. Appointments are available daily from 8 ...