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Information science [1] [2] [3] ... as well as artificial or engineered, information-processing systems ... the job of information management took on a new light and ...
Polluting light is often wasted light involving unnecessary energy costs and carbon dioxide emissions. Light pollution is described as artificial light that is excessive or intrudes where it is not wanted. Well-designed lighting sends light only where it is needed without scattering it elsewhere. Poorly designed lighting can also compromise safety.
Optical computing or photonic computing uses light waves produced by lasers or incoherent sources for data processing, data storage or data communication for computing.For decades, photons have shown promise to enable a higher bandwidth than the electrons used in conventional computers (see optical fibers).
1962 Nick Holonyak Jr. develops the first practical visible-spectrum (red) light-emitting diode. 1963 Kurt Schmidt invents the first high pressure sodium-vapor lamp. [17] 1972 M. George Craford invents the first yellow light-emitting diode. 1972 Herbert Paul Maruska and Jacques Pankove create the first violet light-emitting diode.
Artificial lights attract many insects, to the advantage of some spiders, as on this lighted bridge over the Loire River, France. These changes in behavior can then affect food webs and cause further knock-on effects. Light pollution, the introduction of artificial light into formerly dark ecosystems, has numerous adverse ecological effects.
Light pollution is the presence of anthropogenic artificial light in otherwise dark conditions. [12] [13] [14] [15]The term is most commonly used in relation to in the outdoor environment and surrounding, but is also used to refer to artificial light indoors.
He described it as "a technical journal devoted to the use of artificial light". [6] The society's present-day journal, LEUKOS (originally the Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society from 1971 to 2004 [7]) is published by Taylor & Francis with four issues per year. [8] LD+A (from Lighting, Design + Application) is the IES's monthly ...
Informatics (a combination of the words "information" and "automatic") is the study of computational systems. [1] [2] According to the ACM Europe Council and Informatics Europe, informatics is synonymous with computer science and computing as a profession, [3] in which the central notion is transformation of information.