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The full clinical picture was first presented by Friedrich Wegener (1907–1990), a German pathologist, in two reports in 1936 and 1939, leading to the eponymous name Wegener's granulomatosis or Wegener granulomatosis (English: / ˈ v ɛ ɡ ə n ər /). [10]
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis consists of three stages, but not all patients develop all three stages or progress from one stage to the next in the same order; [7] whereas some patients may develop severe or life-threatening complications such as gastrointestinal involvement and heart disease, some patients are only mildly affected, e.g. with skin lesions and nasal polyps. [8]
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), formerly known as Wegener’s granulomatosis (WG), is a rare immune-mediated systemic disease with an unclear etiology. It manifests pathologically as an inflammatory response pattern in the kidneys, upper and lower respiratory tracts , and granulomatous inflammation, which includes necrosis .
Differential diagnosis [ edit ] The signs and symptoms of microscopic polyangiitis may resemble those of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) (another form of small-vessel vasculitis) but typically lacks the significant upper respiratory tract involvement (e.g., sinusitis ) frequently seen in people affected by GPA.
Subsequent studies found that the cells infiltrating the midline tissues in cases of lethal midline granuloma that were not clearly diagnosed as granulomatosis with polyangiitis were: a) infected by the Epstein–Barr virus [2] and b) consisted of malignant lymphocytes, usually NK cells or, rarely, cytotoxic T cells. [3]
Friedrich Wegener (7 April 1907, Varel – 9 July 1990, Lübeck, [veːɡɐnəɐ̯]) was a German pathologist who is notable for his description of a rare disease originally referred to Wegener disease and now referred to as granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Although this disease was known before Wegener's description, from the 1950s onwards it ...
The definite diagnosis of vasculitis is established after a biopsy of involved organ or tissue, such as skin, sinuses, lung, nerve, brain, and kidney. The biopsy elucidates the pattern of blood vessel inflammation. Some types of vasculitis display leukocytoclasis, which is vascular damage caused by nuclear debris from infiltrating neutrophils. [37]
For example, PR3 is the most common antigen target of ANCA in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis. In active granulomatosis with polyangiitis, c-ANCA is found over 90% of the time. In active granulomatosis with polyangiitis, c-ANCA is found over 90% of the time.