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  2. Polymerase chain reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerase_chain_reaction

    A strip of eight PCR tubes, each containing a 100 μL reaction mixture Placing a strip of eight PCR tubes into a thermal cycler. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a method widely used to make millions to billions of copies of a specific DNA sample rapidly, allowing scientists to amplify a very small sample of DNA (or a part of it) sufficiently to enable detailed study.

  3. Reverse Transcription Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_Transcription_Loop...

    This cycle can be started from either the forward or backward side of the strand using the appropriate primer. Once this cycle has begun, the strand undergoes self-primed DNA synthesis during the elongation stage of the amplification process. This amplification takes place in less an hour, under isothermal conditions between 60 and 65 °C.

  4. Staggered extension process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staggered_extension_process

    The staggered extension process (also referred to as StEP) is a common technique used in biotechnology and molecular biology to create new, mutated genes with qualities of one or more initial genes. The technique itself is a modified polymerase chain reaction with very short (approximately 10 seconds) cycles. In these cycles the elongation of ...

  5. Helicase-dependent amplification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helicase-dependent...

    The polymerase chain reaction is the most widely used method for in vitro DNA amplification for purposes of molecular biology and biomedical research. [1] This process involves the separation of the double-stranded DNA in high heat into single strands (the denaturation step, typically achieved at 95–97 °C), annealing of the primers to the single stranded DNA (the annealing step) and copying ...

  6. Thermostable DNA polymerase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermostable_DNA_Polymerase

    Several DNA polymerases have been described with distinct properties that define their specific utilisation in a PCR, in real-time PCR or in an isothermal amplification. Being DNA polymerases, the thermostable DNA polymerases all have a 5'→3' polymerase activity, and either a 5'→3' or a 3'→5' exonuclease activity.

  7. Polymerase chain reaction optimization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerase_chain_reaction...

    The earliest steps of a touchdown polymerase chain reaction cycle have high annealing temperatures. The annealing temperature is decreased in increments for every subsequent set of cycles (the number of individual cycles and increments of temperature decrease is chosen by the experimenter).

  8. Hot start PCR - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_start_PCR

    Hot start PCR is a method which prevents DNA polymerase extension at lower temperature to prevent non-specific binding to minimise yield loss. Hot start PCR reduces the amount of non-specific binding through limiting reagents until the heating steps of PCR – limit the reaction early by limiting Taq DNA polymerase in a reaction.

  9. Pfu DNA polymerase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfu_DNA_polymerase

    In the laboratory setting, Pfu is used to amplify DNA in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), where the enzyme serves the central function of copying a new strand of DNA during each extension step. It is a family B DNA polymerase. It has an RNase H-like 3'-5' exonuclease domain, typical of B-family polymerase such as DNA polymerase II. [1]