Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
In psychology and cognitive science, a schema (pl.: schemata or schemas) describes a pattern of thought or behavior that organizes categories of information and the relationships among them. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It can also be described as a mental structure of preconceived ideas, a framework representing some aspect of the world, or a system of ...
Cognitive maps have been studied in various fields, such as psychology, education, archaeology, planning, geography, cartography, architecture, landscape architecture, urban planning, management and history. [6] Because of the broad use and study of cognitive maps, it has become a colloquialism for almost any mental representation or model. [6]
An image schema (both schemas and schemata are used as plural forms) is a recurring structure within our cognitive processes which establishes patterns of understanding and reasoning. As an understudy to embodied cognition , image schemas are formed from our bodily interactions, [ 1 ] from linguistic experience, and from historical context.
The self is visualized as a schema that is involved with processing personal information, interpretation, and memories which is considered a powerful and effective process (Rogers et al., 1977). Gutchess, Kensinger, and Schacter (2007) performed a study where they used age as a factor when looking at the self-reference effect.
In psychology, the term mental models is sometimes used to refer to mental representations or mental simulation generally. The concepts of schema and conceptual models are cognitively adjacent. Elsewhere, it is used to refer to the "mental model" theory of reasoning developed by Philip Johnson-Laird and Ruth M. J. Byrne.
Schema are generally defined as mental information networks that represent some aspect of collected world knowledge. Frederic Bartlett was one of the first psychologists to propose Schematic theory, suggesting that the individual's understanding of the world is influenced by elaborate neural networks that organize abstract information and concepts. [8]
A cognitive distortion is a thought that causes a person to perceive reality inaccurately due to being exaggerated or irrational.Cognitive distortions are involved in the onset or perpetuation of psychopathological states, such as depression and anxiety.
Schemas vary according to cultural background [2] and other environmental factors. [3] Once people have developed a schema about themselves, there is a strong tendency for that schema to be maintained by a bias in what they attend to, in what they remember, and in what they are prepared to accept as true about themselves.