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This federalism is symmetrical in that the devolved powers of the constituent units are envisioned to be the same. Historically, the state of Jammu and Kashmir was accorded a status different from other States owing to an explicitly temporary provision of the Indian Constitution namely Article 370 (which was revoked by the Parliament in 2019). [1]
The president of India is the head of state and the commander-in-chief of the Indian Armed Forces, while the elected prime minister acts as the head of the executive and is responsible for running the Union government. [10] The parliament is bicameral in nature, with the Lok Sabha being the lower house, and the Rajya Sabha the upper house.
This idea evolved from the Centre and the state governments. It was a political drive to see PRIs as a solution to the governmental crises that India was experiencing. The Constitutional (73rd Amendment) Act, passed in 1992 by the Narasimha Rao government, came into force on April 24, 1993. It was meant to provide constitutional sanction to ...
Byju's is an education tutoring app that runs on a freemium model, [30] with free access to content limited for 15 days after the registration. [30] [31] It was launched in August 2015, [32] offering educational content for students from classes 4 to 12. [33]
91. Rates of stamp duty in respect of bills of exchange, cheques, promissory notes, bills of lading, letters of credit, policies of insurance, transfer of shares, debentures, proxies and receipts. 92. Taxes on the sale or purchase of newspapers and on advertisements published therein. (omitted as per 101st Amendment Act) 92A.
10 2 June 2001: 5 March 2002: 276 days Loss of majority. [75] Meghalaya: 1 11 October 1991: 5 February 1992: 117 days The Centre imposed president's rule in Meghalaya in the wake of a political crisis after the then Speaker PR Kyndiah suspended five MLAs, mostly independents, on grounds of defection. [76] [77] 2 19 March 2009: 13 May 2009: 56 days
These provisions relate to certain matters concerning the federal structure or of common interest to both the Union and the States viz., the election of the President (articles 54 and 55); the extent of the executive power of the Union and the States (articles 73 and 162); the High Courts for Union territories (article 241); The Union Judiciary ...
Federalism is a mode of government that combines a general level of government (a central or federal government) with a regional level of sub-unit governments (e.g., provinces, states, cantons, territories, etc.), while dividing the powers of governing between the two