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  2. Logical reasoning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_reasoning

    It is divided into formal and informal logic, which study formal and informal logical reasoning. [8] [9] [10] Traditionally, logical reasoning was primarily associated with deductive reasoning studied by formal logic. [11] But in a wider sense, it also includes forms of non-deductive reasoning, such as inductive, abductive, and analogical ...

  3. Wason selection task - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wason_selection_task

    One experiment revolving around the Wason four card problem found many influences on people's selection in this task experiment that were not based on logic. The non-logical inferences made by the participants from this experiment demonstrate the possibility and structure of extra logical reasoning mechanisms. [5]

  4. Two-factor theory of intelligence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-factor_theory_of...

    L. L. Thurstone tested subjects on 56 different abilities; from his data he established seven primary mental abilities relating to intelligence. He categorized them as: spatial ability, numerical ability, word fluency, memory, perceptual speed, verbal comprehension, and inductive reasoning.

  5. Intelligence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligence

    Some challenges include defining intelligence so it has the same meaning across species, and operationalizing a measure that accurately compares mental ability across species and contexts. [ 41 ] Wolfgang Köhler 's research on the intelligence of apes is an example of research in this area, as is Stanley Coren's book, The Intelligence of Dogs ...

  6. Raven's Progressive Matrices - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raven's_Progressive_Matrices

    It comprises 60 multiple choice questions, listed in order of increasing difficulty. [2] This format is designed to measure the test taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-making") component of Spearman's g (g is often referred to as general intelligence). The tests were originally developed by John C. Raven in 1936. [3]

  7. Human intelligence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_intelligence

    Quantitative reasoning (Gq): the ability to comprehend quantitative concepts and relationships and to manipulate numerical symbols. Reading & writing ability (Grw): includes basic reading and writing skills. Short-term memory (Gsm): is the ability to apprehend and hold information in immediate awareness and then use it within a few seconds.

  8. Cognitive skill - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_skill

    Cognitive functioning refers to a person's ability to process thoughts. It is defined as "the ability of an individual to perform the various mental activities most closely associated with learning and problem-solving. Examples include the verbal, spatial, psychomotor, and processing-speed ability."

  9. Cognitive psychology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_psychology

    Cognitive psychology is the scientific study of human mental processes such as attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and reasoning. [1] Cognitive psychology originated in the 1960s in a break from behaviorism , which held from the 1920s to 1950s that unobservable mental processes were outside the realm of ...