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Guernica is a large 1937 oil painting by Spanish artist Pablo Picasso. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is one of his best-known works, regarded by many art critics as the most moving and powerful anti-war painting in history. [ 3 ]
Guernica (/ ɡ ɜːr ˈ n iː k ə, ˈ ɡ ɜːr n ɪ k ə /, [3] Spanish pronunciation: [ɡeɾˈnika]), officially Gernika (pronounced) in Basque, is a town in the province of Biscay, in the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country, Spain.
The images form a sequence like those in a comic book (in particular, the Spanish auca) and have a loose narrative: [1] [2] Franco's form changes from panel to panel. The Spanish dictator's appearance has been likened by various writers to a "jackbooted phallus", [7] "an evil-omened polyp" [6] and "a grotesque homunculus with a head like a gesticulating and tuberous sweet potato".
Certainly, the most famous masterpiece in the museum is Picasso's painting Guernica. The Reina Sofía collection has works by artists such as Joan Miró, Eduardo Chillida, Pablo Gargallo, Julio González, Luis Gordillo, Juan Gris, José Gutiérrez Solana, Lucio Muñoz, Jorge Oteiza, Julio Romero de Torres, Pablo Serrano, and Antoni Tàpies.
During the creation of Guernica, Picasso made his first studies of a weeping woman on 24 May 1937, however, it was not to be included in the composition of Guernica.An image of the weeping woman was inserted in the lower right of the painting, but this was removed by Picasso, who considered that it would upstage the agonised expressions of the four women in the painting.
After a brief voice-over by Jacques Pruvost describing the bombing of Guernica on 26 April 1937, María Casares recites a poem by Paul Eluard on the subject of that atrocity, accompanied by imagery from numerous paintings, drawings, and sculptures produced by Pablo Picasso between 1920 and 1949, particularly Guernica (1937).
English-language sources using Guernica only do so because: (a) BEFORE the territory in which Gernika is located obtained political autonomy as the Basque Autonomous Community in 1979, under Spanish law according to the present-day Spanish constitution (passed in 1978), which essentially means down until the end of the Franco dictatorship ...
The Statute of Autonomy of the Basque Country of 1979 (Basque: Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoko Estatutua; Spanish: Estatuto de Autonomía del País Vasco), widely known as the Statute of Gernika (Basque: Gernikako Estatutua; Spanish: Estatuto de Guernica), is the legal document organizing the political system of the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country' (Basque: Euskadiko Autonomi Erkidegoa ...