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  2. Air navigation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_navigation

    Air navigation differs from the navigation of surface craft in several ways; Aircraft travel at relatively high speeds, leaving less time to calculate their position en route. Aircraft normally cannot stop in mid-air to ascertain their position at leisure. Aircraft are safety-limited by the amount of fuel they can carry; a surface vehicle can ...

  3. Flight plan - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_plan

    Flight plans are documents filed by a pilot or flight dispatcher with the local Air Navigation Service Provider (e.g., the FAA in the United States) prior to departure which indicate the plane's planned route or flight path. [1] Flight plan format is specified in ICAO Doc 4444. They generally include basic information such as departure and ...

  4. Aeronautical chart - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeronautical_chart

    An aeronautical chart is a map designed to assist in the navigation of aircraft, much as nautical charts do for watercraft, or a roadmap does for drivers. Using these charts and other tools, pilots are able to determine their position, safe altitude, best route to a destination, navigation aids along the way, alternative landing areas in case of an in-flight emergency, and other useful ...

  5. Flight planning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_planning

    A Tarom Boeing 737-300 and United Airlines Boeing 777-200 taxiing to depart London Heathrow Airport. Flight planning is the process of producing a flight plan to describe a proposed aircraft flight. It involves two safety-critical aspects: fuel calculation, to ensure that the aircraft can safely reach the destination, and compliance with air ...

  6. Polar route - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_route

    Leif Viking (LN-LMP) from SAS was the first airplane to use the polar route for regular flights. Here Leif Viking becomes christened by Cyd Charisse on 18 November 1954.. Of the commercial airlines, SAS was first: their Douglas DC-6B flights between Los Angeles and Copenhagen, via Kangerlussuaq and Winnipeg, started on November 15, 1954. [4]

  7. Instrument flight rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrument_flight_rules

    Instrument flight rules. In aviation, instrument flight rules (IFR) is one of two sets of regulations governing all aspects of civil aviation aircraft operations; the other is visual flight rules (VFR). The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration 's (FAA) Instrument Flying Handbook defines IFR as: "Rules and regulations established by the FAA to ...

  8. Instrument landing system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrument_landing_system

    Instrument landing system. In aviation, the instrument landing system (ILS) is a precision radio navigation system that provides short-range guidance to aircraft to allow them to approach a runway at night or in bad weather. In its original form, it allows an aircraft to approach until it is 200 feet (61 m) over the ground, within a mile (800 m ...

  9. Sectional aeronautical chart - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sectional_aeronautical_chart

    In United States aviation, a sectional aeronautical chart, often called a sectional chart or a sectional for short, is a type of aeronautical chart designed for air navigation under visual flight rules (VFR). In Australia, Canada and some other countries, the equivalent charts used for visual flight are called VFR Navigation Charts (VNCs).

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