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Ancient Egyptian metal tool kit is well described and it consisted of metal blades of chisels, adzes, axes, saws and drills, used for the work on various types of wood and stones. [18] Also, the ancient Egyptians were apparently using core drills in stonework at least as long ago as the Fourth Dynasty , probably made of copper or arsenical ...
The Archimedes' screw, also known as the Archimedean screw, hydrodynamic screw, water screw or Egyptian screw, [1] is one of the earliest hydraulic machines named after Greek mathematician Archimedes who first described it around 234 BC, although the device had been used in Ancient Egypt. [2] It is a reversible hydraulic machine, and there are ...
They built a pyramid 6 metres (20 ft) high by 9 metres (30 ft) wide, consisting of a total of 162 cubic metres (5,700 cu ft), or about 405 tons. It was made out of 186 stones weighing an average of 2.2 tons each. Twelve quarrymen carved 186 stones in 22 days, and the structure was erected using 44 men.
The first known crane machine was the shaduf, a water-lifting device that was invented in ancient Mesopotamia (modern Iraq) and then appeared in ancient Egyptian technology. Construction cranes later appeared in ancient Greece , where they were powered by men or animals (such as donkeys), and used for the construction of buildings.
[9] and then in ancient Egyptian technology circa 2000 BC. [10] The earliest evidence of pulleys date back to Mesopotamia in the early 2nd millennium BC. [11] The screw, the last of the simple machines to be invented, [12] first appeared in Mesopotamia during the Neo-Assyrian period (911-609) BC. [11]
Copper was the most important metal for toolmaking in ancient Egypt and was smelted in furnaces from malachite ore mined in the Sinai. [102] Workers collected gold by washing the nuggets out of sediment in alluvial deposits, or by the more labor-intensive process of grinding and washing gold-bearing quartzite.
In short, the Antikythera Mechanism was a machine designed to predict celestial phenomena according to the sophisticated astronomical theories current in its day, the sole witness to a lost history of brilliant engineering, a conception of pure genius, one of the great wonders of the ancient world—but it didn't really work very well!
The lever was also used in the shadoof water-lifting device, the first crane machine, which appeared in Mesopotamia circa 3000 BC, [4] and then in ancient Egyptian technology circa 2000 BC. [6] The earliest evidence of pulleys date back to Mesopotamia in the early 2nd millennium BC, [7] and ancient Egypt during the Twelfth Dynasty (1991-1802 BC ...