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Rust is an iron oxide, a usually reddish-brown oxide formed by the reaction of iron and oxygen in the catalytic presence of water or air moisture. Rust consists of hydrous iron (III) oxides (Fe 2 O 3 ·nH 2 O) and iron (III) oxide-hydroxide (FeO (OH), Fe (OH) 3), and is typically associated with the corrosion of refined iron.
Rust converters are chemical solutions or primers that can be applied directly to an iron or iron alloy surface to convert iron oxides (rust) into a protective chemical barrier. These compounds interact with iron oxides, especially iron (III) oxide, converting them into an adherent black layer (black oxide) that is more resistant to moisture ...
v. t. e. Corrosion is a natural process that converts a refined metal into a more chemically stable oxide. It is the gradual deterioration of materials (usually a metal) by chemical or electrochemical reaction with their environment. Corrosion engineering is the field dedicated to controlling and preventing corrosion. [1][2]
Pitting corrosion. Appearance. Severe pitting corrosion problems caused by chloride ions on a truss beam of the Nandu River Iron Bridge (Hainan Province, China) leading to the complete rupture of a metallic element. Pitting corrosion, or pitting, is a form of extremely localized corrosion that leads to the random creation of small holes in metal.
Galvanic corrosion. Appearance. Corrosion of an iron nail wrapped in bright copper wire, showing cathodic protection of copper; a ferroxyl indicator solution shows colored chemical indications of two types of ions diffusing through a moist agar medium. Galvanic corrosion (also called bimetallic corrosion or dissimilar metal corrosion) is an ...
Bluing, sometimes spelled as blueing, is a passivation process in which steel is partially protected against rust using a black oxide coating. It is named after the blue-black appearance of the resulting protective finish. Bluing involves an electrochemical conversion coating resulting from an oxidizing chemical reaction with iron on the ...
The iron and steel industry is thus very important economically, and iron is the cheapest metal, with a price of a few dollars per kilogram or pound. Pristine and smooth pure iron surfaces are a mirror-like silvery-gray. Iron reacts readily with oxygen and water to produce brown-to-black hydrated iron oxides, commonly known as rust.
Tarnish is a product of a chemical reaction between a metal and a nonmetal compound, especially oxygen and sulfur dioxide. It is usually a metal oxide, the product of oxidation; sometimes it is a metal sulfide. The metal oxide sometimes reacts with water to make the hydroxide, or with carbon dioxide to make the carbonate. It is a chemical change.