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R-12 was used in automotive air conditioning systems until the mid-90s when production was banned by the government and replaced with a new refrigerant, R-134a. R-12 can still be bought and sold but is no longer produced. This makes R-12 very expensive and hard to find. [41] R-12’s global warming potential number is very large at about 11,000 ...
1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (also known as norflurane (), R-134a, Klea 134a, Freon 134a, Forane 134a, Genetron 134a, Green Gas, Florasol 134a, Suva 134a, HFA-134a, or HFC-134a) is a hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) and haloalkane refrigerant with thermodynamic properties similar to R-12 (dichlorodifluoromethane) but with insignificant ozone depletion potential and a lower 100-year global warming ...
The California Air Resources Board (CARB or ARB) is an agency of the government of California that aims to reduce air pollution.Established in 1967 when then-governor Ronald Reagan signed the Mulford-Carrell Act, combining the Bureau of Air Sanitation and the Motor Vehicle Pollution Control Board, CARB is a department within the cabinet-level California Environmental Protection Agency.
Two sets, or tiers, of emission standards for light-duty vehicles in the United States were defined as a result of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. The Tier I standard was adopted in 1991 and was phased in from 1994 to 1997. Tier II standards were phased in from 2004 to 2009. Within the Tier II ranking, there is a subranking ranging from ...
R-134a HFC-134a CH 2 FCF 3: 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane: 3790 1550 Widely used Most used in 2020 for hydronic heat pumps in Europe and the United States in spite of high GWP. [58] Commonly used in automotive air conditioners prior to phase out which began in 2012. R-410A: 50% R-32 / 50% R-125 (pentafluoroethane) Between 2430 (R-32) and 6350 (R ...
As the most populous state in the United States, [ 1 ] California's climate policies influence both global climate change and federal climate policy. In line with the views of climate scientists, the state of California has progressively passed emission-reduction legislation. California has taken legislative steps in the hope of mitigating the ...
California. The California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA / ˈsiː.kwə /) is a California statute passed in 1970 and signed in to law by then-governor Ronald Reagan, [ 1 ][ 2 ] shortly after the United States federal government passed the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), to institute a statewide policy of environmental protection.
The Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion. It was agreed on 16 September 1987, and entered into force on 1 January 1989.