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Urobilinogen is a yellow by-product of bilirubin reduction. It is formed in the intestines by the bacterial enzyme bilirubin reductase. [1] About half of the urobilinogen formed is reabsorbed and taken up via the portal vein to the liver, enters circulation and is excreted by the kidney. Increased amounts of bilirubin are formed in hemolysis ...
e. Reference ranges for urine tests are described below: Measurement. Lower limit. Upper limit. Unit. Urinary specific gravity. 1.003 [1] [2] 1.030 [1] [2]
A urine test strip or dipstick is a basic diagnostic tool used to determine pathological changes in a patient's urine in standard urinalysis. [1] A standard urine test strip may comprise up to 10 different chemical pads or reagents which react (change color) when immersed in, and then removed from, a urine sample.
The standard definition of a reference range for a particular measurement is defined as the interval between which 95% of values of a reference population fall into, in such a way that 2.5% of the time a value will be less than the lower limit of this interval, and 2.5% of the time it will be larger than the upper limit of this interval, whatever the distribution of these values.
Ehrlich's reagent or Ehrlich reagent is a reagent containing p -dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (DMAB) and thus can act as an indicator to presumptively identify indoles and urobilinogen. Several Ehrlich tests use the reagent in a medical test; some are drug tests and others contribute to diagnosis of various diseases or adverse drug reactions.
It is a useful parameter in acute kidney failure and oliguria, with a value below 1% indicating a prerenal disease and a value above 1% suggesting acute tubular necrosis or other kidney damage. [6] 2956-1: Potassium (K) – per day: 40 [5] 90 [5] mmol / 24 h: Urine K may be measured in a diagnostic examination for hypokalemia (low blood
The urine anion gap is an 'artificial' and calculated measure that is representative of the unmeasured ions in urine. Usually the most important unmeasured ion in urine is NH 4+ since it is the most important form of acid excretion by the kidney. [5] Urine NH 4+ is difficult to measure directly, but its excretion is usually accompanied by the ...
In medicine, the urea-to-creatinine ratio (UCR[1]), known in the United States as BUN-to-creatinine ratio, is the ratio of the blood levels of urea (BUN) (mmol/L) and creatinine (Cr) (μmol/L). BUN only reflects the nitrogen content of urea (MW 28) and urea measurement reflects the whole of the molecule (MW 60), urea is just over twice BUN (60/ ...