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Conversely, other fortified foods have micronutrients added to them that don't naturally occur in those substances. An example of this is orange juice, which often is sold with added calcium. [4] Food fortification can also be categorized according to the stage of addition: Commercial and industrial fortification (wheat flour, corn meal ...
The Food Fortification Initiative (FFI) is an organization that promotes the fortification of industrially milled flours and cereals. [1][2] FFI assists country leaders in promoting, planning, implementing, and monitoring the fortification of industrially milled wheat flour, maize flour, and rice. [3] FFI is the only global organization focused ...
This differentiates enrichment from fortification, which is the process of introducing new nutrients to a food. 79 countries have fortification or enrichment for wheat or maize flour made "mandatory", according to the Global Fortification Data Exchange. [1]
In the US, mandatory fortification of enriched breads, cereals, flours, corn meal, pastas, rice, and other grain products began in January 1998. As of 2023, 140 countries require food fortification with one or more vitamins, [32] with folate required in 69 countries. The most commonly fortified food is wheat flour, followed by maize flour and rice.
As of 2024, 57 countries, mostly in North and South America and southeast Africa, require food fortification of wheat flour or maize (corn) flour with riboflavin or riboflavin-5'-phosphate sodium. The amounts stipulated range from 1.3 to 5.75 mg/kg. [39] An additional 16 countries have a voluntary fortification program. [39]
The US government has mandated since 1941 fortification of white flour-based foods with some of the nutrients lost in milling, like thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and iron. This mandate came about in response to the vast nutrient deficiencies seen in US military recruits at the start of World War II. [19]
Countries fortify foods with nutrients to address known deficiencies. [7] As of 2020, 54 countries required food fortification of wheat flour with niacin or niacinamide; 14 also mandate fortification of maize flour, and 6 mandate fortification of rice. [33] From country to country, niacin fortification ranges from 1.3 to 6.0 mg/100 g. [33]
The Food Fortification Initiative lists all countries in the world that conduct fortification programs, [9] and within each country, what nutrients are added to which foods. Vitamin fortification programs exist in one or more countries for folate, niacin, riboflavin, thiamin, vitamin A, vitamin B 6, vitamin B 12, vitamin D and vitamin E. As of ...
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