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  2. Fundamental theorems of welfare economics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_theorems_of...

    Fundamental theorems of welfare economics. There are two fundamental theorems of welfare economics. The first states that in economic equilibrium, a set of complete markets, with complete information, and in perfect competition, will be Pareto optimal (in the sense that no further exchange would make one person better off without making another ...

  3. Pareto efficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pareto_efficiency

    Constrained Pareto efficiency is a weakening of Pareto optimality, accounting for the fact that a potential planner (e.g., the government) may not be able to improve upon a decentralized market outcome, even if that outcome is inefficient. This will occur if it is limited by the same informational or institutional constraints as are individual ...

  4. Multi-objective optimization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-objective_optimization

    Multi-objective optimization or Pareto optimization (also known as multi-objective programming, vector optimization, multicriteria optimization, or multiattribute optimization) is an area of multiple-criteria decision making that is concerned with mathematical optimization problems involving more than one objective function to be optimized simultaneously.

  5. Pareto front - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pareto_front

    Pareto front. In multi-objective optimization, the Pareto front (also called Pareto frontier or Pareto curve) is the set of all Pareto efficient solutions. [1] The concept is widely used in engineering. [2]: 111–148 It allows the designer to restrict attention to the set of efficient choices, and to make tradeoffs within this set, rather than ...

  6. Kaldor–Hicks efficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaldor–Hicks_efficiency

    Kaldor–Hicks efficiency. A Kaldor–Hicks improvement, named for Nicholas Kaldor and John Hicks, is an economic re-allocation of resources among people that captures some of the intuitive appeal of a Pareto improvement, but has less stringent criteria and is hence applicable to more circumstances. A re-allocation is a Kaldor–Hicks ...

  7. Welfare economics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welfare_economics

    The Hicks compensation test is from the losers' point of view; the Kaldor compensation test is from the winners'. If both conditions are satisfied, the proposed change will move the economy toward Pareto optimality. This idea is known as Kaldor–Hicks efficiency. If the two conditions disagree, that yields the Scitovsky paradox.

  8. Fractional Pareto efficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional_Pareto_efficiency

    Fractional Pareto efficiency. In economics and computer science, Fractional Pareto efficiency or Fractional Pareto optimality (fPO) is a variant of Pareto efficiency used in the setting of fair allocation of discrete objects. An allocation of objects is called discrete if each item is wholly allocated to a single agent; it is called fractional ...

  9. Social welfare function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_welfare_function

    t. e. In welfare economics and social choice theory, a social welfare function —also called a social ordering, ranking, utility, or choice function —is a function that ranks a set of social states by their desirability. A social welfare function may yield several possible outcomes; each person's preferences are combined in some way to ...