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Fontanelle. A fontanelle (or fontanel) (colloquially, soft spot) is an anatomical feature of the infant human skull comprising soft membranous gaps (sutures) between the cranial bones that make up the calvaria of a fetus or an infant. [1] Fontanelles allow for stretching and deformation of the neurocranium both during birth and later as the ...
Craniosynostosis is a condition in which one or more of the fibrous sutures in a young infant's skull prematurely fuses by turning into bone (ossification), [2] thereby changing the growth pattern of the skull. [3] Because the skull cannot expand perpendicular to the fused suture, it compensates by growing more in the direction parallel to the ...
Frontal suture. The frontal suture is a fibrous joint that divides the two halves of the frontal bone of the skull in infants and children. Typically, it completely fuses between three and nine months of age, with the two halves of the frontal bone being fused together. It is also called the metopic suture, [1][2] although this term may also ...
The anterior fontanelle (bregmatic fontanelle, frontal fontanelle) is the largest fontanelle, and is placed at the junction of the sagittal suture, coronal suture, and frontal suture; it is lozenge -shaped, and measures about 4 cm in its antero-posterior and 2.5 cm in its transverse diameter. The fontanelle allows the skull to deform during ...
The disease was first described by Maroteaux and Lamy in 1962 [4] [5] at which time it was defined by the following characteristics: dwarfism; osteopetrosis; partial agenesis of the terminal digits of the hands and feet; cranial anomalies, such as persistence of fontanelles and failure of closure of cranial sutures; frontal and occipital bossing; and hypoplasia of the angle of the mandible. [6]
Cleidocranial dysostosis (CCD), also called cleidocranial dysplasia, is a birth defect that mostly affects the bones and teeth. [1] The collarbones are typically either poorly developed or absent, which allows the shoulders to be brought close together. [1] The front of the skull often does not close until later, and those affected are often ...
Cockayne syndrome type B (CSB), also known as "cerebro-oculo-facio-skeletal (COFS) syndrome" (or "Pena-Shokeir syndrome type B"), is the most severe subtype. Symptoms are present at birth and normal brain development stops after birth. The average lifespan for children with type B is up to 7 years of age.
Some patients do not show most of the symptoms related to colpocephaly, such as psychomotor abnormalities and agenesis of the corpus callosum. In some cases, signs appear later on in life and a significant number of children only develop minor disabilities. The following list includes common symptoms of colpocephaly. [3] [4] [5]