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The earliest reference to a named wine is from the 7th-century BC lyrical poet Alcman, who praises Dénthis, a wine from the western foothills of Mount Taygetus in Messenia, as anthosmías ("flowery-scented").
Current evidence suggests that wine originated in West Asia including Caucasus Mountains, Zagros Mountains, Euphrates River Valley, and Southeastern Anatolia. This area spans a large area that includes the modern day nations of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, northern Iran, and eastern Turkey.
Wine was likely invented nearly 9,000 years ago in China. Learn more about the history, archeology, and evolution of wine from ancient times to today.
Egyptian records dating from 2500 bce refer to the use of grapes for wine making, and numerous biblical references to wine indicate the early origin and significance of the industry in the Middle East.
The invention of wine is believed to have occurred around 6000 to 5800 BC. This timeline situates wine’s genesis in the Neolithic period, a transformative era when human societies were undergoing a fundamental shift from nomadic hunting and gathering to settled agriculture and community living.
Some experts thought vines were first cultivated in Iberia (primarily Portugal and Spain) around 3,000 years ago. Other investigators thought domestication first happened in the Caucasus. To make...
According to biomolecular archaeologist Patrick McGovern of the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Anthropology and Archaeology, the wine likely got most of its sugars from the Chinese hawthorn...
Late 1500s wine was preserved for long shipping journeys (like with the Dutch East India Company) by adding alcohol–a process called fortification. Fortification created the famed wines of Port, Madeira, Marsala and Sherry.
Explore our interactive timeline of the history of wine. Learn how wine colonized the world, starting in Armenia in 4,600 BC. Check It Out Now!
Archaeologists have excavated an Armenian cave that’s home to the world’s oldest-known winery, analyzed residue from 9,000-year-old Chinese pots in search of the chemical signature of grapes, and dove into the ocean to examine Greek wine amphorae in a shipwreck.