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Sodium hypochlorite can also be used for point-of-use disinfection of drinking water, [40] taking 0.2–2 mg of sodium hypochlorite per liter of water. [41] Dilute solutions (50 ppm to 1.5%) are found in disinfecting sprays and wipes used on hard surfaces. [42] [43]
At 100 °C (212 °F; 373 K), saturated sodium chloride brine is about 28% salt by weight. At 0 °C (32 °F; 273 K), brine can only hold about 26% salt. [ 3 ] At 20 °C one liter of water can dissolve about 357 grams of salt, a concentration of 26.3%.
A parametric value in this context is most commonly the concentration of a substance, e.g. 30 mg/L of iron. It may also be a count such as 500 E. coli per litre or a statistical value such as the average concentration of copper is 2 mg/L.
Salinity in rivers, lakes, and the ocean is conceptually simple, but technically challenging to define and measure precisely. Conceptually the salinity is the quantity of dissolved salt content of the water. Salts are compounds like sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, potassium nitrate, and sodium bicarbonate which dissolve into ions. The ...
The conversion of conductivity (in μS/cm) to the total dissolved solids (in mg/kg) depends on the chemical composition of the sample and can vary between 0.54 and 0.96. Typically, the conversion is done assuming that the solid is sodium chloride; 1 μS/cm is then equivalent to about 0.64 mg of NaCl per kg of water.
properly diluted chlorine preparations (f.e. Dakin's solution, 0.5% sodium or potassium hypochlorite solution, pH-adjusted to pH 7–8, or 0.5–1% solution of sodium benzenesulfochloramide (chloramine B)), some; iodine preparations, such as iodopovidone in various galenics (ointment, solutions, wound plasters), in the past also Lugol's solution,
The sodium chloride ions disrupt this electrical double layer, causing coagulation to occur. The coagulation of gold sol results in an increase in particle size, indicated by a colour change from red to blue or purple. The higher the gold number, the lower the protective power of the colloid, because a greater amount of colloid is required to ...
For example, to make 100 mL of 50% alc/vol ethanol solution, water would be added to 50 mL of ethanol to make up exactly 100 mL. Whereas to make a 50% v/v ethanol solution, 50 mL of ethanol and 50 mL of water could be mixed but the resulting volume of solution will measure less than 100 mL due to the change of volume on mixing, and will contain ...