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Local tetanus is an uncommon form of the disease, in which people have persistent contraction of muscles in the same anatomic area as the injury. The contractions may persist for many weeks before gradually subsiding. Local tetanus is generally milder; only about 1% of cases are fatal, but it may precede the onset of generalized tetanus. [1]
[6] [1] Tetanospasmin ("tetanus toxin") is a potent toxin with an estimated lethal dose less than 2.5 nanograms per kilogram of body weight, and is responsible for the symptoms of tetanus. [6] [1] Tetanospasmin spreads via the lymphatic system and bloodstream throughout the body, where it is taken up into various parts of the nervous system. [6]
In neonatal tetanus, symptoms usually appear from 4 to 14 days after birth, averaging about 7 days. The fatality rate for infants has been estimated as 70% to 100%; death usually occurs by the age of 2 weeks. [3] On the basis of clinical findings, four different forms of tetanus have been described. [4]
Tetanus antiserum was developed in 1890, with its protective effects lasting a few weeks. [9] [10] The tetanus toxoid vaccine was developed in 1924, and came into common use for soldiers in World War II. [2] [11] Its use resulted in a 95% decrease in the rate of tetanus. [2] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [12]
In one study on 515 women ages 29 to 97 who had heart attacks, shortness of breath occurred in more than 40%. There is never any harm in seeing a doctor for your peace of mind. 5.
After the latency period (but before clinical infection) the infected person can transmit the disease without signs of any symptoms. Such infection is called subclinical infection. Incubation period (also known as the latent period or latency period ) is the time elapsed between exposure to a pathogenic organism, a chemical, or radiation , and ...
A pandemic (or global epidemic) is a disease that affects people over an extensive geographical area. For example: Plague of Justinian, from 541 to 542, killed between 50% and 60% of Europe's population. [96] The Black Death of 1347 to 1352 killed 25 million in Europe over five years. The plague reduced the old world population from an ...
Historically and commonly, the term lockjaw was sometimes used as a synonym for both trismus [2] and tetanus. [7] Normal mouth-opening ranges from 35 to 45 mm. [6] Males usually have slightly greater mouth opening than females. (40–60 mm, average of 50 mm).