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Among the ankylosaurids, Euoplocephalus was exceeded in size only by Ankylosaurus, and perhaps Tarchia and Cedarpelta. Euoplocephalus was about 5.3 metres (17 ft) long and weighed about 2 metric tons (2.2 short tons). [1] Like other ankylosaurids, it had a very broad and flat low-slung torso, about four feet high, positioned on four short legs.
Ankylosaurus is considered part of the subfamily Ankylosaurinae (members of which are called ankylosaurines) within Ankylosauridae. [20] Ankylosaurus appears to be most closely related to Anodontosaurus and Euoplocephalus. [21] The following cladogram is based on a 2015 phylogenetic analysis of the Ankylosaurinae conducted by Arbour and Currie ...
Ankylosaurinae is formally defined in the PhyloCode as "the largest clade containing Ankylosaurus magniventris, but not Shamosaurus scutatus". [2] [3] [4] The tribe Ankylosaurini is defined in the PhyloCode as "the largest clade containing Ankylosaurus magniventris, but not Pinacosaurus grangeri and Saichania chulsanensis".
Euoplocephalus tutus: CMN 0210 [67] Canadian Museum of Nature: Campanian: Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta: Partial skull and numerous osteoderms [67] Originally named Stereocephalus before it was discovered that that genus was already occupied, has also been referred to the nomen dubium Paleoscincus as well as to Ankylosaurus [67] [68]
Smaller nodules and plates filled in the open spaces between large plates. In all three groups, the first two rows of plates tend to form a sort of half-ring around the neck; in nodosaurids, this comes from adjacent plates fusing with each other (and there is a third row as well), while ankylosaurids usually have the plates fused to the top of ...
In 2013, Victoria Megan Arbour and Philip Currie continued to refer AMNH 5337 (and AMNH 5403) to Euoplocephalus, suggesting that differences from other skulls referred to Euoplocephalus could be due to changes occurring with growth and development. [2] They also noted that AMNH 5337 differed from Scolosaurus and Dyoplosaurus in the pelvic region.
Dyoplosaurus also differs from Euoplocephalus in the pelvis as it has anterolaterally projecting, ventrally directed sacral transverse processes on the third sacral vertebra, forming a butterfly-like arrangement of the sacral fenestrae, and in having ischia that articulate with the ilia at right angles.
Euoplocephalus is restricted to its holotype and UALVP 31, TMP 1991.127.1, and AMNH 5406, all from the lower 40 m of the Dinosaur Park (the stratigraphic range of the holotype is uncertain). He agrees with Arbour (2010), about the validity of Anodontosaurus , and suggest that other Horseshoe Canyon specimens are distinct from Euoplocephalus ...