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Etiolation / iː t i ə ˈ l eɪ ʃ ən / is a process in flowering plants grown in partial or complete absence of light. [1] It is characterized by long, weak stems; smaller leaves due to longer internodes; and a pale yellow color . The development of seedlings in the dark is known as "skotomorphogenesis" and leads to etiolated seedlings.
Etiolation of the seedling causes it to become elongated, which may facilitate it emerging from the soil. A seedling that emerges in darkness follows a developmental program known as skotomorphogenesis (dark development), which is characterized by etiolation. Upon exposure to light, the seedling switches rapidly to photomorphogenesis (light ...
This is referred to as skotomorphogenesis or etiolation. Etiolated seedlings are yellowish in color as chlorophyll synthesis and chloroplast development depend on light. They will open their cotyledons and turn green when treated with light.
A tree of life, like this one from Charles Darwin's notebooks c. July 1837, implies a single common ancestor at its root (labelled "1").. A phylogenetic tree directly portrays the idea of evolution by descent from a single ancestor. [3]
The word "etiolated" (from French word étioler — "straw") was first coined by Erasmus Darwin in 1791 to describe the white and straw-like appearance of dark-grown plants.
P. Parasitic plant; Pearl body; Persistence (botany) Phloem; Phloem loading; Photoperiodism; Photorespiration; Photosynthesis; Photosynthesis system; Photosynthetic ...
Lichtperzeption und phototropische Empfindlichkeit, zugleich ein Beitrag zur Lehre vom Etiolement, 1907 – Light perception and phototropic sensitivity, also contributions to the doctrine of etiolation. Die Pflanze als lebender Organismus; akademische Rede, 1917 – The plant as a living organism (academic reading).
The latter two were attractive, since they were easily transformable with the then-current technologies, while maize was a well-established genetic model for plant biology. The breakthrough year for A. thaliana as a model plant was 1986, in which T-DNA -mediated transformation and the first cloned A. thaliana gene were described.