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  2. Argument (complex analysis) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_(complex_analysis)

    Figure 1. This Argand diagram represents the complex number lying on a plane.For each point on the plane, arg is the function which returns the angle . In mathematics (particularly in complex analysis), the argument of a complex number z, denoted arg(z), is the angle between the positive real axis and the line joining the origin and z, represented as a point in the complex plane, shown as in ...

  3. Instantaneous phase and frequency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instantaneous_phase_and...

    Instantaneous phase and frequency are important concepts in signal processing that occur in the context of the representation and analysis of time-varying functions. [1] The instantaneous phase (also known as local phase or simply phase) of a complex-valued function s(t), is the real-valued function:

  4. Complex number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_number

    A complex number can be visually represented as a pair of numbers (a, b) forming a vector on a diagram called an Argand diagram, representing the complex plane. Re is the real axis, Im is the imaginary axis, and i is the "imaginary unit", that satisfies i 2 = −1.

  5. atan2 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atan2

    In 1961, Fortran introduced the atan2 function with argument order ⁠ (,) ⁠ so that the argument (phase angle) of a complex number is ⁡ = ⁡ (⁡, ⁡). This follows the left-to-right order of a fraction written /, so that ⁡ (,) = ⁡ (/) for positive values of .

  6. Phasor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phasor

    Phasor notation (also known as angle notation) is a mathematical notation used in electronics engineering and electrical engineering.A vector whose polar coordinates are magnitude and angle is written . [13] can represent either the vector (⁡, ⁡) or the complex number ⁡ + ⁡ =, according to Euler's formula with =, both of which have magnitudes of 1.

  7. Domain coloring - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_coloring

    Domain coloring plot of the function f(x) = ⁠ (x 2 − 1)(x − 2 − i) 2 / x 2 + 2 + 2i ⁠, using the structured color function described below.. In complex analysis, domain coloring or a color wheel graph is a technique for visualizing complex functions by assigning a color to each point of the complex plane.

  8. Phase factor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_factor

    For any complex number written in polar form (such as r e iθ), the phase factor is the complex exponential (e iθ), where the variable θ is the phase of a wave or other periodic function. The phase factor is a unit complex number, i.e. a complex number of absolute value 1. It is commonly used in quantum mechanics and optics.

  9. Euler's formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler's_formula

    In fact, the same proof shows that Euler's formula is even valid for all complex numbers x. A point in the complex plane can be represented by a complex number written in cartesian coordinates. Euler's formula provides a means of conversion between cartesian coordinates and polar coordinates. The polar form simplifies the mathematics when used ...