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Zener cards are cards used to conduct experiments for extrasensory perception (ESP). Perceptual psychologist Karl Zener (1903–1964) designed the cards in the early 1930s for experiments conducted with his colleague, parapsychologist J. B. Rhine (1895–1980).
Extrasensory perception, or sixth sense, is an ability in itself and comprises a set of abilities. Clairvoyance – The ability to see things and events that are happening far away and locate objects, places, and people using a sixth sense. Dowsing – The ability to locate water, sometimes using a tool called a dowsing rod. [10]
A simple set of black and white cards was developed, originally called Zener cards [6] – now called ESP cards. They bear the symbols circle, square, wavy lines, cross, and star. There are five of each type of card in a pack of 25. In a telepathy experiment, the "sender" looks at a series of cards while the "receiver" guesses the symbols.
Early parapsychological research used Zener cards in experiments designed to test for the existence of telepathic communication.. Karl Edward Zener (April 22, 1903 – September 27, 1964) was a perceptual psychologist best known for his affiliation with Dr. Joseph Banks Rhine and their work in the field of extra-sensory perception (ESP).
A ganzfeld experiment (from the German words for "entire" and "field") is an assessment used by parapsychologists that they contend can test for extrasensory perception (ESP) or telepathy. In these experiments, a "sender" attempts to mentally transmit an image to a "receiver" who is in a state of sensory deprivation.
West has studied and written on parapsychology.He was a research officer for the Society for Psychical Research, 1947–50 and a president in 1963.He carried out laboratory experiments in extrasensory perception.
Joseph Gaither Pratt (August 31, 1910 – November 3, 1979) was an American psychologist who specialized in the field of parapsychology.Among his research interests were extrasensory perception, psychokinesis, mediumship and poltergeists.
The psychic staring effect (sometimes called scopaesthesia) is the claimed extrasensory ability of a person to detect being stared at. The idea was first explored by psychologist Edward B. Titchener in 1898 after students in his junior classes reported being able to "feel" when somebody was looking at them, even though they could not see this ...