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Zener cards are cards used to conduct experiments for extrasensory perception (ESP). Perceptual psychologist Karl Zener (1903–1964) designed the cards in the early 1930s for experiments conducted with his colleague, parapsychologist J. B. Rhine (1895–1980).
A simple set of black and white cards was developed, originally called Zener cards [6] – now called ESP cards. They bear the symbols circle, square, wavy lines, cross, and star. There are five of each type of card in a pack of 25. In a telepathy experiment, the "sender" looks at a series of cards while the "receiver" guesses the symbols.
Extrasensory perception, or sixth sense, is an ability in itself and comprises a set of abilities. Clairvoyance – The ability to see things and events that are happening far away and locate objects, places, and people using a sixth sense. Dowsing – The ability to locate water, sometimes using a tool called a dowsing rod. [10]
Early parapsychological research used Zener cards in experiments designed to test for the existence of telepathic communication.. Karl Edward Zener (April 22, 1903 – September 27, 1964) was a perceptual psychologist best known for his affiliation with Dr. Joseph Banks Rhine and their work in the field of extra-sensory perception (ESP).
Diagram by the French esotericist Paul Sédir to explain clairvoyance [1]. Clairvoyance (/ k l ɛər ˈ v ɔɪ. ə n s /; from French clair 'clear' and voyance 'vision') is the claimed ability to acquire information that would be considered impossible to get through scientifically proven sensations, thus classified as extrasensory perception, or "sixth sense".
Sensory leakage is a term used to refer to information that transferred to a person by conventional means (other than psi) during an experiment into extrasensorial perception (ESP). [ 1 ] For example, where the subject in an ESP experiment receives a visual cue—the reflection of a Zener card in the holder's glasses—sensory leakage can be ...
A ganzfeld experiment (from the German words for "entire" and "field") is an assessment used by parapsychologists that they contend can test for extrasensory perception (ESP) or telepathy. In these experiments, a "sender" attempts to mentally transmit an image to a "receiver" who is in a state of sensory deprivation.
In parapsychology, Bem is known for his defense of the ganzfeld experiment as evidence of psi, more commonly known as extrasensory perception or psychic phenomena. [ 17 ] Bem and Charles Honorton (1994) reviewed the experimental arrangements of the autoganzfeld experiments, and concluded they provided excellent security against deception by ...