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Perhaps the most important advance made by the Mesopotamians was the invention of writing by the Sumerians. With the invention of writing came the first recorded laws called the Code of Hammurabi as well as the first major piece of literature called the Epic of Gilgamesh. Several of the six classic simple machines were invented in Mesopotamia. [6]
4000 BC: Probable time period of the first diamond-mines in the world, in Southern India. [125] 4000 BC: Paved roads, in and around the Mesopotamian city of Ur, Iraq. [126] 4000 BC: Plumbing. The earliest pipes were made of clay, and are found at the Temple of Bel at Nippur in Babylonia. [127] [b]
The screw, the last of the simple machines to be invented, [11] first appeared in Mesopotamia during the Neo-Assyrian period (911-609) BC. [9] The Egyptian pyramids were built using three of the six simple machines, the inclined plane, the wedge, and the lever, to create structures like the Great Pyramid of Giza. [12]
Several of the six classic simple machines were invented in Mesopotamia. [18] Mesopotamians have been credited with the invention of the wheel. The wheel and axle mechanism first appeared with the potter's wheel, invented in Mesopotamia (modern Iraq) during the 5th millennium BC. [19]
Cicero's De re publica (54-51 BC), a first century BC philosophical dialogue, mentions two machines that some modern authors consider as some kind of planetarium or orrery, predicting the movements of the Sun, the Moon, and the five planets known at that time. They were both built by Archimedes and brought to Rome by the Roman general Marcus ...
The history of Europe is traditionally divided into four time periods: prehistoric Europe (prior to about 800 BC), classical antiquity (800 BC to AD 500), the Middle Ages (AD 500–1500), and the modern era (since AD 1500). The first early European modern humans appear in the fossil record about 48,000 years ago, during the Paleolithic era.
11th century - Sets of hourglasses were maintained by ship's pages to mark the progress of a ship during its voyage; 11th century - Large town clocks were used in Europe to display local time, maintained by hand; 1335 - First known mechanical clock, in Milan; 1502 - Peter Henlein builds the first pocketwatch
The screw, the last of the simple machines to be invented, [9] first appeared in Mesopotamia during the Neo-Assyrian period (911-609) BC. [7] The Egyptian pyramids were built using three of the six simple machines, the inclined plane, the wedge, and the lever, to create structures like the Great Pyramid of Giza. [10]