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There are two possible outcomes for the measurement of a qubit—usually taken to have the value "0" and "1", like a bit. However, whereas the state of a bit can only be binary (either 0 or 1), the general state of a qubit according to quantum mechanics can arbitrarily be a coherent superposition of all computable states simultaneously. [2]
The purpose of quantum computing focuses on building an information theory with the features of quantum mechanics: instead of encoding a binary unit of information (), which can be switched to 1 or 0, a quantum binary unit of information (qubit) can simultaneously turn to be 0 and 1 at the same time, thanks to the phenomenon called superposition.
[1] [2] A logical qubit is a physical or abstract qubit that performs as specified in a quantum algorithm or quantum circuit [3] subject to unitary transformations, has a long enough coherence time to be usable by quantum logic gates (c.f. propagation delay for classical logic gates). [1] [4] [5]
Extending () to a rotation about a generic phase of both basis states of a 2-level quantum system (a qubit) can be done with a series circuit: () = []. When α = − β {\displaystyle \alpha =-\beta } this gate is the rotation operator R z ( 2 β ) {\displaystyle R_{z}(2\beta )} gate and if α = β {\displaystyle \alpha =\beta } it is a global ...
Just as the bit is the basic concept of classical information theory, the qubit is the fundamental unit of quantum information.The same term qubit is used to refer to an abstract mathematical model and to any physical system that is represented by that model.
Common quantum logic gates by name (including abbreviation), circuit form(s) and the corresponding unitary matrices. In quantum computing and specifically the quantum circuit model of computation, a quantum logic gate (or simply quantum gate) is a basic quantum circuit operating on a small number of qubits.
99.98 (1 qubit) 98.5–99.3 (2 qubit) [30] 99.56 ((SPAM) 36 [29] (earlier 32) 2022: IQM -Superconducting: Star: 99.91 (1 qubit) 99.14 (2 qubits) 5 [31] November 30, 2021 [32] N/A IQM -Superconducting: Square lattice 99.91 (1 qubit median) 99.944 (1 qubit max) 98.25 (2 qubits median) 99.1 (2 qubits max) 20 October 9, 2023 [33] 16 [34] M Squared ...
A reversible gate is a reversible function on n-bit data that returns n-bit data, where an n-bit data is a string of bits x 1,x 2, ...,x n of length n. The set of n-bit data is the space {0,1} n, which consists of 2 n strings of 0's and 1's. More precisely: an n-bit reversible gate is a bijective mapping f from the set {0,1} n of n-bit data ...