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In chemistry and manufacturing, electrolysis is a technique that uses direct electric current (DC) to drive an otherwise non-spontaneous chemical reaction. Electrolysis is commercially important as a stage in the separation of elements from naturally occurring sources such as ores using an electrolytic cell .
Faraday's laws of electrolysis are quantitative relationships based on the electrochemical research published by Michael Faraday in 1833. [1] [2] [3] First law.
In contrast to PEM electrolysis, AEM electrolysis allows for the conduction of hydroxide ions. A noteworthy benefit of AEM-based water electrolysis is the elimination of the need for expensive noble metal catalysts, as cost-effective transition metal catalysts can be utilized in their place.
Important examples of electrolysis are the decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen, and of bauxite into aluminium and other chemicals. Electroplating (e.g. of Copper, Silver, Nickel or Chromium) is done using an electrolytic cell. Electrolysis is a technique that uses a direct electric current (DC). [citation needed]
The exact relationship depends on the nature of the reactions at the two electrodes. For the electrolysis of aqueous copper(II) sulfate (CuSO 4) as an example, with Cu 2+ (aq) and SO 2− 4 (aq) ions, the cathode reaction is the reduction Cu 2+ (aq) + 2 e − → Cu(s) and the anode reaction is the corresponding oxidation of Cu to Cu 2+.
The Downs cell uses a carbon anode and an iron cathode.The electrolyte is sodium chloride that has been heated to the liquid state. Although solid sodium chloride is a poor conductor of electricity, when molten the sodium and chloride ions are mobilized, which become charge carriers and allow conduction of electric current.
An electrolytic process is the use of electrolysis industrially to refine metals or compounds at a high purity and low cost. Some examples are the Hall-Héroult process [1] used for aluminium, or the production of hydrogen from water.
Electrometallurgy is a method in metallurgy that uses electrical energy to produce metals by electrolysis. It is usually the last stage in metal production and is therefore preceded by pyrometallurgical or hydrometallurgical operations. [ 1 ]