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The attribution made (situational or dispositional) might affect a juror's punitiveness towards the defendant. [49] When jurors attribute a defendant's behavior to dispositional attributions they tend to be more punitive and are more likely find a defendant guilty [49] and to recommend a death sentence compared to a life sentence. [50]
Dispositional attribution (or internal attribution or personal attribution) is a phrase in personality psychology that refers to the tendency to assign responsibility for others' behaviors due to their inherent characteristics, such as their personality, beliefs, ability, or personality, instead of attributing it to external (situational) influences such as the individual's environment or ...
Attribution biases in intergroup relations are observed as early as childhood. In particular, elementary school students are more likely to make dispositional attributions when their friends perform positive behaviors, but situational attributions when disliked peers perform positive behaviors.
Inferences can occur spontaneously if the behavior implies a situational or dispositional inference, while causal attributions occur much more slowly. [41] It has also been suggested that correspondence inferences and causal attributions are elicited by different mechanisms.
External or "situational" attributions assign causality to an outside factor, such as the weather. Internal or "dispositional" attributions assign causality to factors within the person, such as ability or personality. Cognitive dissonance – was originally based on the concept of cognitive consistency, but is now more related to self-concept ...
Environmental and situational effects on behaviour are influenced by psychological mechanisms within a person. [3] Personality also predicts human reactions to other people, problems, and stress. [4] [5] Gordon Allport (1937) described two major ways to study personality: the nomothetic and the idiographic.
Hedonic relevance (also known as hedonistic relevance) is the tendency to attribute a behavior to dispositional factors rather than situational factors if the observed person’s behavior appears to be directly intended to benefit or harm us, or has such results. For example, Ali studied hard but still failed his maths test.
Soon after the publication of the actor–observer hypothesis, numerous research studies tested its validity, most notably the first such test in 1973 by Nisbett et al. [14] The authors found initial evidence for the hypothesis, [14] and so did Storms, [15] who also examined one possible explanation of the hypothesis: actors explain their behaviors because they attend to the situation (not to ...