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Reducing form of glucose (the aldehyde group is on the far right) A reducing sugar is any sugar that is capable of acting as a reducing agent. [1] In an alkaline solution, a reducing sugar forms some aldehyde or ketone, which allows it to act as a reducing agent, for example in Benedict's reagent. In such a reaction, the sugar becomes a ...
Benedict's reagent (often called Benedict's qualitative solution or Benedict's solution) is a chemical reagent and complex mixture of sodium carbonate, sodium citrate, and copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate. [1] It is often used in place of Fehling's solution to detect the presence of reducing sugars and other reducing substances. [2]
In all glucose polymers, from the native starch to glucose syrup, the molecular chain ends with a reducing sugar, containing a free aldehyde in its linear form. As the starch is hydrolysed, the molecules become shorter and more reducing sugars are present. Therefore, the dextrose equivalent describes the degree of conversion of starch to dextrose.
For many monosaccharides (including glucose), the cyclic forms predominate, in the solid state and in solutions, and therefore the same name commonly is used for the open- and closed-chain isomers. Thus, for example, the term "glucose" may signify glucofuranose, glucopyranose, the open-chain form, or a mixture of the three.
For example, milk sugar (lactose) is a disaccharide made by condensation of one molecule of each of the monosaccharides glucose and galactose, whereas the disaccharide sucrose in sugar cane and sugar beet, is a condensation product of glucose and fructose. Maltose, another common disaccharide, is condensed from two glucose molecules. [7]
In organic chemistry, Fehling's solution is a chemical reagent used to differentiate between water-soluble carbohydrate and ketone (>C=O) functional groups, and as a test for reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars, supplementary to the Tollens' reagent test. The test was developed by German chemist Hermann von Fehling in 1849. [1]
Coconut sugar [1] – 70-79% sucrose and 3-9% glucose and fructose; Confectioner's sugar (also known as "icing sugar") [1] Corn sugar – dextrose produced from corn starch; Corn syrup – sweet syrup produced from corn starch that may contain glucose, maltose and other sugars. Date sugar [1] Dehydrated cane juice [1] Demerara sugar [1]
If the sugar contains a ketone group, it is a ketose. If a sugar contains an aldehyde group, it is an aldose. This test relies on the principle that, when heated, ketoses are more rapidly dehydrated than aldoses. It is named after Theodor Seliwanoff, the chemist who devised the test. When added to a solution containing ketoses, a red color is ...