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Polynomial remainder theorem. In algebra, the polynomial remainder theorem or little Bézout's theorem (named after Étienne Bézout) [1] is an application of Euclidean division of polynomials. It states that, for every number any polynomial is the sum of and the product by of a polynomial in of degree less than the degree of In particular, is ...
Polynomial long division is an algorithm that implements the Euclidean division of polynomials, which starting from two polynomials A (the dividend) and B (the divisor) produces, if B is not zero, a quotient Q and a remainder R such that. and either R = 0 or the degree of R is lower than the degree of B. These conditions uniquely define Q and R ...
The rings for which such a theorem exists are called Euclidean domains, but in this generality, uniqueness of the quotient and remainder is not guaranteed. [8] Polynomial division leads to a result known as the polynomial remainder theorem: If a polynomial f(x) is divided by x − k, the remainder is the constant r = f(k). [9] [10]
As a consequence of the polynomial remainder theorem, the entries in the third row are the coefficients of the second-degree polynomial, the quotient of () on division by . The remainder is 5. This makes Horner's method useful for polynomial long division.
E.g.: x**2 + 3*x + 5 will be represented as [1, 3, 5] """ out = list (dividend) # Copy the dividend normalizer = divisor [0] for i in range (len (dividend)-len (divisor) + 1): # For general polynomial division (when polynomials are non-monic), # we need to normalize by dividing the coefficient with the divisor's first coefficient out [i ...
Ruffini's rule can be used when one needs the quotient of a polynomial P by a binomial of the form . (When one needs only the remainder, the polynomial remainder theorem provides a simpler method.) A typical example, where one needs the quotient, is the factorization of a polynomial p ( x ) {\displaystyle p(x)} for which one knows a root r :
When the denominator b(x) is monic and linear, that is, b(x) = x − c for some constant c, then the polynomial remainder theorem asserts that the remainder of the division of a(x) by b(x) is the evaluation a(c). [18] In this case, the quotient may be computed by Ruffini's rule, a special case of synthetic division. [20]
Sturm's theorem. In mathematics, the Sturm sequence of a univariate polynomial p is a sequence of polynomials associated with p and its derivative by a variant of Euclid's algorithm for polynomials. Sturm's theorem expresses the number of distinct real roots of p located in an interval in terms of the number of changes of signs of the values of ...