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Character encoding detection, charset detection, or code page detection is the process of heuristically guessing the character encoding of a series of bytes that represent text. The technique is recognised to be unreliable [ 1 ] and is only used when specific metadata , such as a HTTP Content-Type: header is either not available, or is assumed ...
If the character is not found most of these routines return an invalid index value – -1 where indexes are 0-based, 0 where they are 1-based – or some value to be interpreted as Boolean FALSE. This can be accomplished as a special case of #Find , with a string of one character; but it may be simpler or more efficient in many languages to ...
Eventually, as 8-, 16-, and 32-bit (and later 64-bit) computers began to replace 12-, 18-, and 36-bit computers as the norm, it became common to use an 8-bit byte to store each character in memory, providing an opportunity for extended, 8-bit relatives of ASCII. In most cases these developed as true extensions of ASCII, leaving the original ...
In HTML and XML, a numeric character reference refers to a character by its Universal Character Set/Unicode code point, and uses the format: &#xhhhh; or &#nnnn; where the x must be lowercase in XML documents, hhhh is the code point in hexadecimal form, and nnnn is the code point in decimal form.
In Lua, "table" is a fundamental type that can be used either as an array (numerical index, fast) or as an associative array. The keys and values can be of any type, except nil. The following focuses on non-numerical indexes. A table literal is written as { value, key = value, [index] = value, ["non id string"] = value }. For example:
Computing the E(x, y) array takes O(mn) time with the dynamic programming algorithm, while the backwards-working phase takes O(n + m) time. Another recent idea is the similarity join. When matching database relates to a large scale of data, the O ( mn ) time with the dynamic programming algorithm cannot work within a limited time.
Code 0 (ASCII code name NUL) is a special case. In paper tape, it is the case when there are no holes. It is convenient to treat this as a fill character with no meaning otherwise. Since the position of a NUL character has no holes punched, it can be replaced with any other character at a later time, so it was typically used to reserve space ...
Example using APL to index ⍳ or find (or not find) elements in a character vector: First, variable Letters is assigned a vector of 5-elements, in this case - letters of the alphabet. The shape ⍴ or character vector-length of Letters is 5. Variable FindIt is assigned what to search for in Letters and its length is 4 characters.