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Bribery is the corrupt solicitation, payment, or acceptance of a private favor (a bribe) in exchange for official action. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The purpose of a bribe is to influence the actions of the recipient, a person charge of an official duty, to act contrary to their duty and the known rules of honesty and integrity .
Responding to Whyte's book, George Monbiot criticized the CPI for its narrow definition of corruption that surveys mostly only Western executives about bribery. [5] Similarly, others point out that "global metrics systematically under-measure 'corruption of the rich' - which tends to be legalized, institutionalized, and ambiguously unethical ...
The IETF language tags have registered fr-1694acad for Early Modern French, "17th century French, as catalogued in the "Dictionnaire de l'académie françoise", 4eme ed. 1694; frequently includes elements of Middle French, as this is a transitional period". [5]
A working definition of corruption is also provided as follows in article 3 of the Civil Law Convention on Corruption (ETS 174): [27] For the purpose of this Convention, "corruption" means requesting, offering, giving or accepting, directly or indirectly, a bribe or any other undue advantage or prospect thereof, which distorts the proper ...
Éditions Larousse (French pronunciation: [edisjɔ̃ laʁus]) is a French publishing house specialising in reference works such as dictionaries. It was founded by Pierre Larousse and its best-known work is the Petit Larousse. It was acquired from private owners by Compagnie Européenne de Publication in 1984, then Havas in 1997.
Following the work of Pierre Larousse on the Grand dictionnaire Universel, the Grand Dictionnaire Encyclopédique Larousse (French pronunciation: [ɡʁɑ̃ diksjɔnɛːʁ ɑ̃siklɔpedik laʁus]), a ten-volume dictionary, was published in Paris between 1982 and 1985 by Éditions Larousse. [1]
The temptation to indulge in bribery indicates that the traditional patron-client relationship was insufficient to gather enough votes to win election. [ 3 ] The word ambitus for electoral corruption is a general term for the crime; defendants would have been charged under a specific statute ( lex ). [ 4 ]
The OECD Anti-Bribery Convention (officially the Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions) is an anti-corruption convention of the OECD that requires signatory countries to criminalize bribery of foreign public officials.