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Brine rejection is a process that occurs when salty water freezes. The salts do not fit in the crystal structure of water ice, so the salt is expelled. Since the oceans are salty, this process is important in nature. Salt rejected by the forming sea ice drains into the surrounding seawater, creating saltier, denser brine.
A brine pipeline is a pipeline to transport brine. It is a common way to transport salt from salt mines , salt wells and sink works to the places of salt evaporation ( salterns , salt pans ). Brine pipelines are also used in the oil and gas industries, and to remove salts and contaminants from water supplies.
Brine treatment is commonly encountered when treating cooling tower blowdown, produced water from steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD), produced water from natural gas extraction such as coal seam gas, frac flowback water, acid mine or acid rock drainage, reverse osmosis reject, chlor-alkali wastewater, pulp and paper mill effluent, and waste ...
Salt, unlike hydrocarbons, cannot biodegrade but may accumulate in soils, which have a limited capacity to accept salts. If salt levels become too high, the soils may be damaged and treatment of hydrocarbons can be inhibited. Salts are soluble in water and can be managed. Salt management is part of prudent operation of a land farm.
An injection well is a device that places fluid deep underground into porous rock formations, such as sandstone or limestone, or into or below the shallow soil layer. The fluid may be water, wastewater, brine (salt water), or water mixed with industrial chemical waste. [1]
This of course creates problems when it is desirable to get the well flowing again. In order to reverse the well kill, the kill fluid must be displaced from the well bore. This involves injecting a gas at high pressure, usually nitrogen since it is inert and relatively cheap. A gas can be put under sufficient pressure to allow it to push heavy ...
In other DOWS systems, a separate pump is needed to inject the water-rich stream into a permeable zone. [5] An artificial lift pump is used to lift the petroleum-rich stream to the surface. [6] DOWS systems do not entirely separate petroleum from water in the borehole. Instead, DOWS systems will decrease the amount of water brought to the surface.
Artificial lift is the use of artificial means to increase the flow of liquids, such as crude oil or water, from a production well. Generally this is achieved by the use of a mechanical device inside the well (known as pump or velocity string) or by decreasing the weight of the hydrostatic column by injecting gas into the liquid some distance down the well.