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  2. Income inequality metrics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Income_inequality_metrics

    The inequality income metric should be independent of the aggregate level of income. This may be stated as: = where α is a positive real number. Population independence Similarly, the income inequality metric should not depend on whether an economy has a large or small population.

  3. List of countries by income inequality - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by...

    Income ratios include the pre-tax national income share held by the top 10% of the population and the ratio of the upper bound value of the ninth decile (i.e., the 10% of people with the highest income) to that of the upper bound value of the first decile (the ratio of the average income of the richest 10% to the poorest 10%).

  4. Causes of income inequality in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causes_of_income...

    While pre-tax income is the primary driver of income inequality, the less progressive tax code further increased the share of after-tax income going to the highest income groups. For example, had these tax changes not occurred, the after-tax income share of the top 0.1% would have been approximately 4.5% in 2000 instead of the 7.3% actual figure.

  5. Stimulus programs staved off income inequality in 2020 ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/finance/stimulus-programs-staved-off...

    While income inequality reached its highest levels since 1979 in 2020, inequality after credits and taxes was lower than in any year since 2009. That's according to a new report from the ...

  6. Tax policy and economic inequality in the United States

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_policy_and_economic...

    A 2011 Congressional Research Service report stated, "Changes in capital gains and dividends were the largest contributor to the increase in the overall income inequality. Taxes were less progressive in 2006 than in 1996, and consequently, tax policy also contributed to the increase in income inequality between 1996 and 2006.

  7. Income inequality in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Income_inequality_in_the...

    Income inequality rose from 1913 to peaks in 1926 (1928 Gini 48.9, 1936 Gini 45.5) and 1941 (Gini 43.1), after which war-time measures of the Roosevelt administration began to equalize the income distribution. [20] Social Security was enacted in 1935.

  8. Income distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Income_distribution

    The concept of inequality is distinct from that of poverty [5] and fairness. Income inequality metrics (or income distribution metrics) are used by social scientists to measure the distribution of income, and economic inequality among the participants in a particular economy, such as that of a specific country or of the world in general.

  9. Atkinson index - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atkinson_index

    For =, (no aversion to inequality), the marginal social welfare from income is invariant to income, i.e. marginal increases in income produce as much social welfare whether they go to a poor or rich individual. In this case, the welfare equivalent equally distributed income is equal to mean income, and the Atkinson index is zero.