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  2. Track gauge in Spain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Track_gauge_in_Spain

    Traditionally, the gauge of the national railway in Spain, now managed by Adif, is 1,668 mm (5 ft 5 + 21 ⁄ 32 in), known as Iberian gauge.This gauge (originally 1,674mm but then reduced slightly to allow interoperability with Portugal) was decided upon by a Parliamentary committee, after a report known as the Informe Subercase (named for its principal author) in 1844. [1]

  3. Variable gauge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_gauge

    In 1999, a gauge-changer was installed at Tornio at the Finnish end of the dual-gauge section between Haparanda and Tornio, for use with variable gauge freight wagons. [45] The Tornio gauge changer is a Rafil design from Germany; a similar Talgo-RD gauge changer at the Haparanda end used to exist, but was removed [46] as it required de-icing in ...

  4. Iberian-gauge railways - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iberian-gauge_railways

    A broad gauge, it is the second-widest gauge in regular use anywhere in the world, with only Indian gauge railways, 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm), being wider (by 8 mm (5 ⁄ 16 in)). As finally established in 1955, [ 1 ] the Iberian gauge is a compromise between the similar, but slightly different, gauges adopted as respective national standards in ...

  5. History of rail transport in Spain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_rail_transport...

    The history of rail transport in Spain begins in the 19th century. In 1848, a railway line between Barcelona and Mataró was inaugurated, [1] although a line in Cuba (then a Spanish overseas province) connecting Havana and Bejucal had already opened in 1837. [2] In 1852 the first narrow gauge line was built, in 1863 a line reached the ...

  6. Loading gauge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loading_gauge

    Mini Shinkansen (former conventional 1,067 mm or 3 ft 6 in narrow gauge lines that have been regauged into 1,435 mm or 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in standard gauge) and some private railways in Japan (including some lines of the Tokyo subway and all of the Osaka Metro) also use standard gauge; however, their loading gauges are different.

  7. Historiography of Colonial Spanish America - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historiography_of_Colonial...

    A 17th–century Dutch map of the Americas. The historiography of Spanish America in multiple languages is vast and has a long history. [1] [2] [3] It dates back to the early sixteenth century with multiple competing accounts of the conquest, Spaniards’ eighteenth-century attempts to discover how to reverse the decline of its empire, [4] and people of Spanish descent born in the Americas ...

  8. Spanish America - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_America

    Most Spanish settlers came to the Indies as permanent residents, established families and businesses, and sought advancement in the colonial system, such as membership of cabildos, so that they were in the hands of local, American-born (crillo) elites. During the Bourbon era, even when the crown systematically appointed peninsular-born ...

  9. Gauge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauge

    Gauge block, a metal or ceramic block of precisely known dimension, used in measuring; Sight glass, also known as a water gauge, for measuring liquid level heights in storage tanks and pressure vessels; Boost gauge, a gauge used in conjunction with turbo-super-chargers; Pressure gauge or vacuum gauge, see pressure measurement