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Frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) is a general method for measuring the spectral phase of ultrashort laser pulses, which range from subfemtosecond to about a nanosecond in length. Invented in 1991 by Rick Trebino and Daniel J. Kane, FROG was the first technique to solve this problem, which is difficult because, ordinarily, to measure an ...
Double-blind frequency-resolved optical gating (double-blind FROG) is a method for simultaneously measuring two unknown ultrashort laser pulses. Well established ultrafast measurement techniques such as frequency-resolved optical gating and its simplified version GRENOUILLE can only measure one unknown ultrashort laser pulse at a time.
An example of frequency difference gating, created using the flowFP Bioconductor package. The dots represent individual events in an FCS file. The rectangles represent the bins. Probability binning is a non-gating analysis method in which flow cytometry data is split into quantiles on a univariate basis. [51]
Flow cytometry (FC) is a technique used to detect and measure the physical and chemical characteristics of a population of cells or particles. [1] [2] [3] [4]In this process, a sample containing cells or particles is suspended in a fluid and injected into the flow cytometer instrument.
In physics and physical chemistry, time-resolved spectroscopy is the study of dynamic processes in materials or chemical compounds by means of spectroscopic techniques.Most often, processes are studied after the illumination of a material occurs, but in principle, the technique can be applied to any process that leads to a change in properties of a material.
The more general case of a Fabry–Pérot resonator with frequency-dependent mirror reflectivities can be treated with the same equations as above, except that the photon decay time () and linewidth () now become local functions of frequency. Whereas the photon decay time is still a well-defined quantity, the linewidth loses its meaning ...
Gating system metalwork, a process in casting; Gating signal, a signal that provides a time window; Clock gating, a power-saving techniques used in synchronous circuits; Power gating, a power-saving technique for circuits; Noise gate, a term in audio signal processing; Frequency-resolved optical gating, a term related to auto correlation in optics
Later research by Xie et al. showed the existence of another type of grating with similar thermal stability properties to the type II grating. This grating exhibited a negative change in the mean index of the fiber and was termed type IIA. The gratings were formed in germanosilicate fibers with pulses from a frequency doubled XeCl pumped dye laser.