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Plaque is made up of fat, cholesterol, immune cells, calcium, and other substances found in the blood. [10] [9] The narrowing of arteries limits the flow of oxygen-rich blood to parts of the body. [10] Diagnosis is based upon a physical exam, electrocardiogram, and exercise stress test, among others. [13]
An atheroma, or atheromatous plaque, is an abnormal accumulation of material in the inner layer of an arterial wall. [1] [2]The material consists of mostly macrophage cells, [3] [4] or debris, containing lipids, calcium and a variable amount of fibrous connective tissue.
These can form a plaque that can lead to atherosclerosis and trigger myocardial infarction and stroke. [1] [2] [3] Foam cells are fat-laden cells with a M2 macrophage-like phenotype. They contain low density lipoproteins (LDL) and can be rapidly detected by examining a fatty plaque under a microscope after it is removed from the body. [4]
Cardiologists share the truth about when blood vessel plaque buildup becomes dangerous.
The process causes thickening of the vessel wall, forming a plaque that consists of proliferating smooth muscle cells, macrophages and lymphocytes. [24] [25] The plaque results in restricted blood flow, decreasing the amount of oxygen and nutrients that reach certain organs. [26] This plaque can also rupture, causing the formation of clots. [27]
While uncommon in solid tumors, chromosomal translocations are a common cause of these diseases. This commonly leads to a different approach in diagnosis and treatment of hematological malignancies. Hematological malignancies are malignant neoplasms ("cancer"), and they are generally treated by specialists in hematology and/or oncology.
Plaque build-up often doesn’t cause symptoms, but it can block blood flow to vital organs like your heart. Coronary artery disease occurs when atherosclerosis affects the arteries supplying ...
A 2021 study by Northwestern researchers found that smokers were more likely to die from cardiovascular diseases like heart attacks, strokes, and heart failure, than lung cancer. Excessive alcohol ...