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Obstetrics and gynaecology (also spelled as obstetrics and gynecology; abbreviated as Obst and Gynae, O&G, OB-GYN and OB/GYN [a]) is the medical specialty that encompasses the two subspecialties of obstetrics (covering pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period) and gynaecology (covering the health of the female reproductive system ...
Obstetrics entered a stage of stagnation in the 19th century, which lasted until about the 1880s. [77]: 96–98 The central explanation for the lack of advancement during this time was the rejection of obstetrics by the medical community. [91] The 19th century marked an era of medical reform in Europe and increased regulation over the profession.
It is often paired with the field of obstetrics, which focuses on pregnancy and childbirth, thereby forming the combined area of obstetrics and gynaecology (OB-GYN). The term comes from Greek and means ' the science of women '. [1] [2] Its counterpart is andrology, which deals with medical issues specific to the male reproductive system. [3]
The rapid pace of medical advancement further justifies dividing gynecology and obstetrics. Medical knowledge now doubles every 73 days and new treatments take 17 years to reach clinical practice .
Obstetric medicine, similar to maternal medicine, is a sub-specialty of general internal medicine and obstetrics that specializes in process of prevention, diagnosing, and treating medical disorders in with pregnant humans. [1]
Maternal–fetal medicine specialists are physicians who subspecialize within the field of obstetrics. [1] Their training typically includes a four-year residency in obstetrics and gynecology followed by a three-year fellowship. They may perform prenatal tests, provide treatments, and perform surgeries.
Spontaneous vaginal delivery at term is the preferred outcome of pregnancy, and according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, will be recommended if there are no evidence-based clinical indications for Cesarean section. [30]
••Long curved obstetrics forceps ••Das's long curved obstetrics forceps •• Wrigley's forceps ••Kielland's forceps: Axis traction device: Cannula •Karman's plastic suction cannula •Hysterosalpingography cannula •Insufflation cannula •Budine's cannula: Scissors •Episiotomy scissors •Embryotomy scissors •Mayo's ...