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  2. Deduction theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deduction_theorem

    The deduction theorem is an important tool in Hilbert-style deduction systems because it permits one to write more comprehensible and usually much shorter proofs than would be possible without it. In certain other formal proof systems the same conveniency is provided by an explicit inference rule; for example natural deduction calls it ...

  3. Mathematical proof - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_proof

    A mathematical proof is a deductive argument for a mathematical statement, showing that the stated assumptions logically guarantee the conclusion. The argument may use other previously established statements, such as theorems ; but every proof can, in principle, be constructed using only certain basic or original assumptions known as axioms ...

  4. Hilbert system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert_system

    A graphic representation of the deduction system. In a Hilbert system, a formal deduction (or proof) is a finite sequence of formulas in which each formula is either an axiom or is obtained from previous formulas by a rule of inference. These formal deductions are meant to mirror natural-language proofs, although they are far more detailed.

  5. Deductive reasoning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deductive_reasoning

    Natural deduction is a type of proof system based on simple and self-evident rules of inference. In philosophy, the geometrical method is a way of philosophizing that starts from a small set of self-evident axioms and tries to build a comprehensive logical system using deductive reasoning.

  6. Natural deduction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_deduction

    In logic and proof theory, natural deduction is a kind of proof calculus in which logical reasoning is expressed by inference rules closely related to the "natural" way of reasoning. [1] This contrasts with Hilbert-style systems , which instead use axioms as much as possible to express the logical laws of deductive reasoning .

  7. Proof theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_theory

    Proof theory is a major branch [1] ... Gentzen's natural deduction calculus also supports a notion of analytic proof, as shown by Dag Prawitz.

  8. Formal proof - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_proof

    The theorem is a syntactic consequence of all the well-formed formulas preceding it in the proof. For a well-formed formula to qualify as part of a proof, it must be the result of applying a rule of the deductive apparatus (of some formal system) to the previous well-formed formulas in the proof sequence.

  9. List of mathematical proofs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mathematical_proofs

    Buckingham π theorem (proof in progress) Burnside's lemma; Cantor's theorem; Cantor–Bernstein–Schroeder theorem; Cayley's formula; Cayley's theorem; Clique problem (to do) Compactness theorem (very compact proof) Erdős–Ko–Rado theorem; Euler's formula; Euler's four-square identity; Euler's theorem; Five color theorem; Five lemma ...

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