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In computer programming, duplicate code is a sequence of source code that occurs more than once, either within a program or across different programs owned or maintained by the same entity. Duplicate code is generally considered undesirable for a number of reasons. [ 1 ]
Data cleansing or data cleaning is the process of identifying and correcting (or removing) corrupt, inaccurate, or irrelevant records from a dataset, table, or database.It involves detecting incomplete, incorrect, or inaccurate parts of the data and then replacing, modifying, or deleting the affected data. [1]
For example, assume the function values are 32-bit integers, so + and +. Then Gosper's algorithm will find the cycle after less than μ + 2 λ {\displaystyle \mu +2\lambda } function evaluations (in fact, the most possible is 3 ⋅ 2 31 − 1 {\displaystyle 3\cdot 2^{31}-1} ), while consuming the space of 33 values (each value being a 32-bit ...
Note the distinction between reliability and availability: reliability measures the ability of a system to function correctly, including avoiding data corruption, whereas availability measures how often the system is available for use, even though it may not be functioning correctly.
A list of verification and synthesis tools (public domain repository on GitHub) A list of verification tools for probabilistic, stochastic, hybrid, and timed systems; Common benchmarks. MCC (models of the Model Checking Contest): a collection of hundreds of Petri nets originating from many academic and industrial case studies.
SAS provides a graphical point-and-click user interface for non-technical users and more through the SAS language. [3] SAS programs have DATA steps, which retrieve and manipulate data, PROC (procedures) which analyze the data, and may also have functions. [4] Each step consists of a series of statements. [5]
The output of a cryptographic hash function, also known as a message digest, can provide strong assurances about data integrity, whether changes of the data are accidental (e.g., due to transmission errors) or maliciously introduced. Any modification to the data will likely be detected through a mismatching hash value.
In computer science, model checking or property checking is a method for checking whether a finite-state model of a system meets a given specification (also known as correctness). This is typically associated with hardware or software systems , where the specification contains liveness requirements (such as avoidance of livelock ) as well as ...