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The optic disc is where the axons from the retinal ganglion cells collect into the optic nerve. The optic nerve is the bundle of axons that carry the visual signals from the eye to the brain. This optic nerve must penetrate through the wall of the eye, and the hole to accommodate this is usually 20-30% larger than the nerve diameter.
The name non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy is derived from several medical terms that describe the condition: [3]. Non-arteritic: Indicates that the condition is not related to inflammation or damage of the arteries, which would be arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy.
In March 2017, ocrelizumab was approved in the United States for the treatment of primary progressive multiple sclerosis in adults. [22] [42] It is also used for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis, to include clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting disease, and active secondary progressive disease in adults. [42]
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system attacks and destroys the myelin sheath of nerve cells. It most commonly strikes people between the ages of 20 and 40.
ANA, indicative of autoimmune optic neuropathy, is also generally negative. [3] CSF can also be evaluated for oligoclonal bands typical of multiple sclerosis, which will not be present in CRION. [1] A chest X-ray or CT scan should be ordered if granulomatous optic neuropathy caused by sarcoidosis is suspected. [3]
The most common cause is multiple sclerosis (MS) or ischemic optic neuropathy due to thrombosis or embolism of the vessel that supplies the optic nerve. [13] [14] Up to 50% of patients with MS will develop an episode of optic neuritis, and 20–30% of the time optic neuritis is the presenting sign of MS.
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The anterior optic nerve receives blood primarily from the posterior ciliary arteries. The anterior optic nerve, a.k.a. the optic nerve head, is surrounded by the scleral canal, and is vulnerable to crowding of nerve fibers. The portion of the optic nerve head that is visible by looking into the eye with an ophthalmoscope is called the optic disc.
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