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A professional investor contemplating a change to the capital structure of a firm (e.g., through a leveraged buyout) first evaluates a firm's fundamental earnings potential (reflected by earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization and EBIT), and then determines the optimal use of debt versus equity (equity value).
Rate base is the value of property on which a public utility is permitted to earn a specified rate of return, in accordance with rules set by a regulatory agency.In general, the rate base consists of the value of property as used by the utility in providing service.
More commonly, this is reported on the income statement as "income (or loss) before taxes". Taxes are then subtracted from the pre-tax income to give a final net income or net profit (or net loss) figure. Net income or net profit which is not expended to shareholders in the form of dividends becomes part of retained earnings.
Net income can also be calculated by adding a company's operating income to non-operating income and then subtracting off taxes. [4] The net profit margin percentage is a related ratio. This figure is calculated by dividing net profit by revenue or turnover, and it represents profitability, as a percentage.
The income statement can be prepared in one of two methods. [4] The Single Step income statement totals revenues and subtracts expenses to find the bottom line. The Multi-Step income statement takes several steps to find the bottom line: starting with the gross profit, then calculating operating expenses. Then when deducted from the gross ...
The income and retained earnings of the accounting equation is also an essential component in computing, understanding, and analyzing a firm's income statement. This statement reflects profits and losses that are themselves determined by the calculations that make up the basic accounting equation.
Overhead expenses are all costs on the income statement except for direct labor, direct materials, and direct expenses. Overhead expenses include accounting fees, advertising, insurance, interest, legal fees, labor burden, rent, repairs, supplies, taxes, telephone bills, travel expenditures, and utilities. [3]
The use of this statement is to provide relevant and focused on a period, so that users of financial statements with sufficient information to: Evaluate the company’s ability to generate resources. Assess the reasons for the differences between net income and funds generated or used by the operation.